Part 10

OTHER FORMS

Instructions for the Requester of Form W-9

• Form W-9, Request for Taxpayer Identification Number and Certification

Instructions for the Requester of Forms W-8BEN, W-8BEN-E, W-8ECI, W-8EXP and W-8IMY

• Form W-8BEN, Certificate of Foreign Status of Beneficial Owner for United States Tax Withholding

• Form W-8BEN-E, Certificate of Entities Status of Beneficial Owner for United States Tax Withholding

(Entities)

• Form W-8ECI, Certificate of Foreign Person’s Claim for Exemption From Withholding on Income

Effectively Connected With the Conduct of a Trade or Business in the United States

• Form W-8EXP, Certificate of Foreign Government or Other Foreign Organization for United States Tax

Withholding

• Form W-8IMY, Certificate of Foreign Intermediary, Foreign Flow-Through Entity, or Certain U.S. Branches

for United States Tax Withholding

Backup Withholding For Missing and Incorrect Name/Tin(S) 44

(Rev. October 2018) Request for Taxpayer Identification Number and Certification

Department of the Treasury Internal Revenue Service

Section references are to the Internal Revenue Code unless otherwise noted.

Future Developments

For the latest developments related to Form W-9 and its instructions, such as legislation enacted after they were published, go to IRS.gov/FormW9 .

What’s New

Backup withholding rate. The backup withholding rate is 24% for reportable payments.

Reminders

FATCA and backup withholding exemptions. FATCA requires a participating foreign financial institution to report all U.S. account holders that are specified U.S. persons. Form W-9 has an Exemptions box on the front of the form that includes entry for the Exempt payee code (if any) and Exemption from FATCA Reporting Code (if any) . The references for the appropriate codes are in the Exemptions section of Form W-9, and in the Payees Exempt From Backup Withholding and Payees and Account Holders Exempt From FATCA Reporting sections of these instructions.

The Certification section in Part II of Form W-9 includes certification relating to FATCA reporting.

Backup withholding liability. If you do not collect backup withholding from affected payees as required, you may become liable for any uncollected amount.

TIN matching e-services. The IRS website offers TIN Matching e-services for certain payers to validate name and TIN combinations. See Taxpayer Identification Number (TIN) Matching , later. How Do I Know When To Use Form W-9? Use Form W-9 to request the taxpayer identification number (TIN) of a U.S. person (including a resident alien) and to request certain certifications and claims for exemption. (See Purpose of Form on Form W-9.) Withholding agents may require signed Forms W-9 from U.S. exempt recipients to overcome a presumption of foreign status. For federal tax purposes, a U.S. person includes but is not limited to:

• An individual who is a U.S. citizen or U.S. resident alien;

• A partnership, corporation, company, or association created or organized in the United States or under the laws of the United States;

partnership's effectively connected income. For more information, see Regulations section 1.1446-1.

A participating foreign financial institution (PFFI) should request Form W-9 from an account holder that is a U.S. person. If an account is jointly held, the PFFI should request a Form W-9 from each holder that is a U.S. person.

Advise foreign persons to use the appropriate Form W-8 or Form 8233, Exemption From Withholding on Compensation for Independent (and Certain Dependent) Personal Services of a Nonresident Alien Individual. See Pub. 515, Withholding of Tax on Nonresident Aliens and Foreign Entities, for more information and a list of the W-8 forms. Electronic Submission of Forms W-9 Requesters may establish a system for payees and payees' agents to submit Forms W-9 electronically, including by fax. A requester is anyone required to file an information return. A payee is anyone required to provide a taxpayer identification number (TIN) to the requester.

Payee's agent. A payee's agent can be an investment advisor (corporation, partnership, or individual) or an introducing broker. An investment advisor must be registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940. The introducing broker is a broker-dealer that is regulated by the SEC and the National Association of Securities Dealers, Inc., and that is not a payer. Except for a broker who acts as a payee's agent for “readily tradable instruments,” the advisor or broker must show in writing to the payer that the payee authorized the advisor or broker to transmit the Form W-9 to the payer.

Electronic system. Generally, the electronic system must:

• Ensure the information received is the information sent, and document all occasions of user access that result in the submission;

• Make reasonably certain that the person accessing the system and submitting the form is the person identified on Form W-9, the investment advisor, or the introducing broker;

• Provide the same information as the paper Form W-9;

• Be able to supply a hard copy of the electronic Form W-9 if the Internal Revenue Service requests it; and

• Require as the final entry in the submission an electronic signature by the payee whose name is on Form W-9 that authenticates and verifies the submission. The electronic signature must be under penalties of perjury and the perjury statement must contain the language of the paper Form W-9.

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For Forms W-9 that are not required to be signed, the electronic system need not provide for an electronic signature or a perjury statement.

• Any estate (other than a foreign estate); or

• A domestic trust (as defined in Regulations section 301.7701-7).

A partnership may require a signed Form W-9 from its U.S. partners to overcome a presumption of foreign status and to avoid withholding on the partner's allocable share of the

For more details, see the following.

• Announcement 98-27, which is on page 30 of Internal Revenue Bulletin 1998-15 at IRS.gov/pub/irs-irbs/irb98-15.pdf .

• Announcement 2001-91, which is on page 221 of Internal Revenue Bulletin 2001-36 at IRS.gov/pub/irs-irbs/irb01-36.pdf .

Sep 25, 2018 Cat. No. 20479P

Individual Taxpayer Identification Number (ITIN) Form W-9 (or an acceptable substitute) is used by persons required to file information returns with the IRS to get the payee's (or other person's) correct name and TIN. For individuals, the TIN is generally a social security number (SSN).

However, in some cases, individuals who become U.S. resident aliens for federal tax purposes are not eligible to obtain an SSN. This includes certain resident aliens who must receive information returns but who cannot obtain an SSN.

These individuals must apply for an ITIN on Form W-7, Application for IRS Individual Taxpayer Identification Number, unless they have an application pending for an SSN. Individuals who have an ITIN must provide it on Form W-9.

Note. ITINs that haven’t been included on a U.S. federal tax return at least once in the last 3 consecutive tax years will expire. Expired ITINs must be renewed in order to avoid delays in processing the ITIN holder’s tax return. If the IRS deactivates the ITIN because it has expired, the ITIN may still be used on Form W-9. However, the ITIN holder will have to apply to renew the deactivated ITIN if there is a need to file a tax return. For more information, see the Instructions for Form W-7. Substitute Form W-9 You may develop and use your own Form W-9 (a substitute Form W-9) if its content is substantially similar to the official IRS Form W-9 and it satisfies certain certification requirements.

You may incorporate a substitute Form W-9 into other business forms you customarily use, such as account signature cards. However, the certifications on the substitute Form W-9 must clearly state (as shown on the official Form W-9) that under penalties of perjury:

1. The payee's TIN is correct,

2. The payee is not subject to backup withholding due to failure to report interest and dividend income,

3. The payee is a U.S. person, and

4. The FATCA code entered on this form (if any) indicating that the payee is exempt from FATCA reporting is correct.

You may provide certification instructions on a substitute Form W-9 in a manner similar to the official form. If you are not collecting a FATCA exemption code by omitting that field from the substitute Form W-9 (see Payees and Account Holders Exempt From FATCA Reporting, later), you may notify the payee that item 4 does not apply.

“The Internal Revenue Service does not require your consent to any provision of this document other than the certifications required to avoid backup withholding.”

If you use a substitute form, you are required to provide the Form W-9 instructions to the payee only if he or she requests them. However, if the IRS has notified the payee that backup withholding applies, then you must instruct the payee to strike out the language in the certification that relates to underreporting. This instruction can be given orally or in writing. See item 2 of the Certification on Form W-9. You can replace “defined below” with “defined in the instructions” in item 3 of the Certification on Form W-9 when the instructions will not be provided to the payee except upon request. For more information, see Rev. Proc. 83-89,1983-2 C.B. 613; amplified by Rev. Proc. 96-26, which is on page 22 of Internal Revenue Bulletin 1996-8 at IRS.gov/pub/irs-irbs/irb96-08.pdf . TIN Applied For For interest and dividend payments and certain payments with respect to readily tradable instruments, the payee may return a properly completed, signed Form W-9 to you with “Applied For” written in Part I. This is an “awaiting-TIN” certificate. The payee has 60 calendar days, from the date you receive this certificate, to provide a TIN. If you do not receive the payee's TIN at that time, you must begin backup withholding on payments.

Reserve rule. You must backup withhold on any reportable payments made during the 60-day period if a payee withdraws more than $500 at one time, unless the payee reserves an amount equal to the current year's backup withholding rate on all reportable payments made to the account.

Alternative rule. You also may elect to backup withhold during this 60-day period, after a 7-day grace period, under one of the two alternative rules discussed below.

Option 1. Backup withhold on any reportable payments if the payee makes a withdrawal from the account after the close of 7 business days after you receive the awaiting-TIN certificate. Treat as reportable payments all cash withdrawals in an amount up to the reportable payments made from the day after you receive the awaiting-TIN certificate to the day of withdrawal.

Option 2. Backup withhold on any reportable payments made to the payee's account, regardless of whether the payee makes any withdrawals, beginning no later than 7 business days after you receive the awaiting-TIN certificate.

The 60-day exemption from backup withholding does

! not apply to any payment other than interest, dividends, CAUTION

and certain payments relating to readily tradable instruments. Any other reportable payment, such as nonemployee compensation, is subject to backup withholding immediately, even if the payee has applied for and is awaiting a TIN.

! CAUTION

You may not:

1. Use a substitute Form W-9 that requires the payee, by signing, to agree to provisions unrelated to the required certifications, or

2. Imply that a payee may be subject to backup withholding unless the payee agrees to provisions on the substitute form that are unrelated to the required certifications.

A substitute Form W-9 that contains a separate signature line just for the certifications satisfies the requirement that the certifications be clearly stated.

If a single signature line is used for the required certifications and other provisions, the certifications must be highlighted, boxed, printed in bold-face type, or presented in some other manner that causes the language to stand out from all other information contained on the substitute form. Additionally, the following statement must be presented to stand out in the same manner as described above and must appear immediately above the single signature line:

A substitute Form W-9 that contains a separate signature line just for the certifications satisfies the requirement that the certifications be clearly stated.

Even if the payee gives you an awaiting-TIN certificate, you must backup withhold on reportable interest and dividend payments if the payee does not certify, under penalties of perjury, that the payee is not subject to backup withholding.

If you do not collect backup withholding from affected payees as required, you may become liable for any uncollected amount. Payees Exempt From Backup Withholding The following payees are exempt from backup withholding with respect to the payments below, and should enter the corresponding exempt payee code on Form W-9. You may rely on the payee’s claim of exemption unless you have actual knowledge that the exempt payee code and/or classification selected are not valid, or if they are inconsistent with each other.

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In that case, you may rely on the Form W-9 for purposes of obtaining the payee’s TIN, but you must treat the payee as non-exempt. If the payee failed to enter an exempt payee code, but the classification selected indicates that the payee is exempt, you may accept the classification and treat the payee as exempt unless you have actual knowledge that the classification is not valid.

If the payee is not exempt, you are required to backup withhold on reportable payments if the payee does not provide a TIN in the manner required or does not sign the certification, if required.

Payments Exempt From Backup Withholding Payments that are not subject to information reporting also are not subject to backup withholding. For details, see sections 6041, 6041A, 6042, 6044, 6045, 6049, 6050A, 6050N, and 6050W and their regulations. The following payments generally are exempt from backup withholding.

• Payments to nonresident aliens subject to withholding under section 1441.

• Payments to partnerships not engaged in a trade or business in the United States and that have at least one nonresident alien partner.

Dividends and patronage dividends.

1. An organization exempt from tax under section 501(a), any IRA, or a custodial account under section 403(b)(7) if the account satisfies the requirements of section 401(f)(2);

2. The United States or any of its agencies or instrumentalities;

3. A state, the District of Columbia, a U.S. commonwealth or possession, or any of their political subdivisions, agencies, or instrumentalities;

• Payments of patronage dividends not paid in money.

• Payments made by certain foreign organizations.

• Section 404(k) distributions made by an ESOP.

Interest payments.

• Payments of interest on obligations issued by individuals. However, if you pay $600 or more of interest in the course of your trade or business to a payee, you must report the payment. Backup withholding applies to the reportable payment if the payee has not provided a TIN or has provided an incorrect TIN.

4. A foreign government or any of its political subdivisions, agencies, or instrumentalities;

5. A corporation;

6. A dealer in securities or commodities required to register in the United States, the District of Columbia, or a U.S. commonwealth or possession;

• Payments on tax-free covenant bonds under section 1451.

• Payments described in section 6049(b)(5) to nonresident aliens.

7. A futures commission merchant registered with the Commodity Futures Trading Commission;

8. A real estate investment trust;

9. An entity registered at all times during the tax year under the Investment Company Act of 1940;

• Payments made by certain foreign organizations.

• Mortgage or student loan interest paid to you.

Other types of payment.

• Wages.

• Distributions from a pension, annuity, profit-sharing or stock bonus plan, any IRA, an owner-employee plan, or other deferred compensation plan.

10. A common trust fund operated by a bank under section 584(a);

11. A financial institution;

12. A middleman known in the investment community as a nominee or custodian; or

• Distributions from a medical or health savings account and long-term care benefits.

13. A trust exempt from tax under section 664 or described in section 4947.

• Certain surrenders of life insurance contracts.

• Distribution from qualified tuition programs or Coverdell ESAs.

• Gambling winnings if regular gambling winnings withholding is required under section 3402(q). However, if regular gambling winnings withholding is not required under section 3402(q), backup withholding applies if the payee fails to furnish a TIN.

The following types of payments are exempt from backup withholding as indicated for payees listed in 1 through 13 above.

Interest and dividend payments. All listed payees are exempt except the payee in item 7.

Broker transactions. All payees listed in items 1 through 4 and 6 through 11 are exempt. Also, C corporations are exempt. A person registered under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940 who regularly acts as a broker also is exempt.

• Real estate transactions reportable under section 6045(e).

Barter exchange transactions and patronage dividends. Only payees listed in items 1 through 4 are exempt.

Payments reportable under sections 6041 and 6041A. Payees listed in items 1 through 5 generally are exempt.

However, the following payments made to a corporation and reportable on Form 1099-MISC, Miscellaneous Income, are not exempt from backup withholding.

• Medical and health care payments.

• Attorneys' fees (also gross proceeds paid to an attorney, reportable under section 6045(f)).

• Payments for services paid by a federal executive agency. (See Rev. Rul. 2003-66, which is on page 1115 of Internal Revenue Bulletin 2003-26 at IRS.gov/pub/irs-irbs/irb03-26.pdf .)

Payments made in settlement of payment card or third par- ty network transactions. Only payees listed in items 1 through 4 are exempt.

• Cancelled debts reportable under section 6050P.

• Fish purchases for cash reportable under section 6050R. Payees and Account Holders Exempt From FATCA Reporting Reporting under chapter 4 (FATCA) with respect to U.S. persons generally applies only to foreign financial institutions (FFI) (including a branch of a U.S. financial institution that is treated as an FFI under an applicable intergovernmental agreement (IGA)). Thus, for example, a U.S. financial institution maintaining an account in the United States does not need to collect an exemption code for FATCA reporting. If you are providing a Form W-9, you may pre-populate the FATCA exemption code with "Not Applicable," "N/A," or a similar indication that an exemption from FATCA reporting does not apply. Any payee that provides such a form, however, cannot be treated as exempt from FATCA reporting. For details on the FATCA reporting requirements, including specific information regarding which financial institutions are required to report, see sections 1471 to 1474 and related regulations. See Regulations section 1.1471-3(d)(2) for when an FFI may rely on documentary

Instr. for Req. of Form W-9 (Rev. 10-2018) -3-

evidence to treat a U.S. person as other than a specified U.S. person and see Regulations section 1.1471-3(f)(3) for when an FFI may presume a U.S. person as other than a specified U.S. person.

If you receive a Form W-9 with a FATCA exemption code and you know or have reason to know the person is a specified U.S. person, you may not rely on the Form W-9 to treat the person as exempt from FATCA reporting. However, you may still rely on an otherwise completed Form W-9 to treat a person as a specified U.S. person. An exemption from FATCA reporting (or lack thereof) does not affect backup withholding as described earlier in these instructions. The following are not specified U.S. persons and are thus exempt from FATCA reporting.

A. An organization exempt from tax under section 501(a), or any individual retirement plan as defined in section 7701(a)(37);

B. The United States or any of its agencies or instrumentalities;

C. A state, the District of Columbia, a U.S. commonwealth or possession, or any of their political subdivisions, agencies, or instrumentalities;

D. A corporation the stock of which is regularly traded on one or more established securities markets, as described in Regulations 1.1472-1(c)(1)(i);

If any one of the joint payees who has not established foreign status gives you a TIN, use that number for purposes of backup withholding and information reporting.

For more information on foreign payees, see the Instructions for the Requester of Forms W-8BEN, W-8BEN-E, W-8ECI, W-8EXP, and W-8IMY. Names and TINs To Use for Information Reporting Show the full name and address as provided on Form W-9 on the information return filed with the IRS and on the copy furnished to the payee. If the payee has marked their address “NEW”, you should update your records. If you made payments to more than one payee or the account is in more than one name, enter on the first name line of the information return only the name of the payee whose TIN is shown on Form W-9. You may show the names of any other individual payees in the area below the first name line on the information return. Forms W-9 showing an ITIN must have the name exactly as shown on line 1a of the Form W-7 application. If you are a PFFI reporting a U.S. account on Form 8966, FATCA Report, and the account is jointly held by U.S. persons, file a separate Form 8966 for each holder.

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For more information on the names and TINs to use for information reporting, see section J of the General Instructions for Certain Information Returns.

E. A corporation that is a member of the same expanded affiliated group as a corporation described in Regulations 1.1472-1(c)(1)(i);

F. A dealer in securities, commodities, or derivative financial instruments (including notional principal contracts, futures, forwards, and options) that is registered as such under the laws of the United States or any State;

G. A real estate investment trust;

H. A regulated investment company as defined in section 851 or an entity registered at all times during the tax year under the Investment Company Act of 1940;

I. A common trust fund as defined in section 584(a);

J. A bank as defined in section 581;

K. A broker;

L. A trust exempt from tax under section 664 or described in section 4947; or

Notices From the IRS The IRS will send you a notice if the payee's name and TIN on the information return you filed do not match the IRS's records. (See Taxpayer Identification Number (TIN) Matching, next.) If you receive a backup withholding notice, you may have to send a “B” notice to the payee to solicit another TIN. Pub. 1281, Backup Withholding for Missing and Incorrect Name/TIN(s), contains copies of the two types of “B” notices. If you receive a penalty notice, you also may have to send a solicitation to the payee. See Pub. 1586, Reasonable Cause Regulations and Requirements for Missing and Incorrect Name/TINs. Taxpayer Identification Number (TIN) Matching TIN Matching allows a payer or authorized agent who is required to file Forms 1099-B, DIV, INT, K, MISC, OID, and/or PATR to match TIN and name combinations with IRS records before submitting the forms to the IRS. TIN Matching is one of the e-services products that is offered and is accessible through the IRS website. Go to IRS.gov and enter “e-services” in the search box. It is anticipated that payers who validate the TIN and name combinations before filing information returns will receive fewer backup withholding (CP2100) notices and penalty notices. Additional Information For more information on backup withholding, see Pub. 1281.

-4- Instr. for Req. of Form W-9 (Rev. 10-2018)

M. A tax-exempt trust under a section 403(b) plan or section 457(g) plan. Joint Foreign Payees If the first payee listed on an account gives you a Form W-8 or a similar statement signed under penalties of perjury, backup withholding applies unless:

1. Every joint payee provides the statement regarding foreign status, or

2. Any one of the joint payees who has not established foreign status gives you a TIN.

TIN, later.

or

Under penalties of perjury, I certify that:

1. The number shown on this form is my correct taxpayer identification number (or I am waiting for a number to be issued to me); and

2. I am not subject to backup withholding because: (a) I am exempt from backup withholding, or (b) I have not been notified by the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) that I am subject to backup withholding as a result of a failure to report all interest or dividends, or (c) the IRS has notified me that I am no longer subject to backup withholding; and

3. I am a U.S. citizen or other U.S. person (defined below); and

4. The FATCA code(s) entered on this form (if any) indicating that I am exempt from FATCA reporting is correct.

Certification instructions. You must cross out item 2 above if you have been notified by the IRS that you are currently subject to backup withholding because you have failed to report all interest and dividends on your tax return. For real estate transactions, item 2 does not apply. For mortgage interest paid, acquisition or abandonment of secured property, cancellation of debt, contributions to an individual retirement arrangement (IRA), and generally, payments other than interest and dividends, you are not required to sign the certification, but you must provide your correct TIN. See the instructions for Part II, later.

Sign Here

Signature of U.S. person ^▶ Date ^▶

General Instructions

Section references are to the Internal Revenue Code unless otherwise noted. Future developments . For the latest information about developments related to Form W-9 and its instructions, such as legislation enacted after they were published, go to www.irs.gov/FormW9. Purpose of Form

An individual or entity (Form W-9 requester) who is required to file an information return with the IRS must obtain your correct taxpayer identification number (TIN) which may be your social security number (SSN), individual taxpayer identification number (ITIN), adoption taxpayer identification number (ATIN), or employer identification number (EIN), to report on an information return the amount paid to you, or other amount reportable on an information return. Examples of information returns include, but are not limited to, the following.

• Form 1099-INT (interest earned or paid)

• Form 1099-DIV (dividends, including those from stocks or mutual funds)

• Form 1099-MISC (various types of income, prizes, awards, or gross proceeds)

• Form 1099-B (stock or mutual fund sales and certain other transactions by brokers)

• Form 1099-S (proceeds from real estate transactions)

• Form 1099-K (merchant card and third party network transactions)

• Form 1098 (home mortgage interest), 1098-E (student loan interest), 1098-T (tuition)

• Form 1099-C (canceled debt)

• Form 1099-A (acquisition or abandonment of secured property) Use Form W-9 only if you are a U.S. person (including a resident alien), to provide your correct TIN.

If you do not return Form W-9 to the requester with a TIN, you might be subject to backup withholding. See What is backup withholding, later.

Cat. No. 10231X Form W-9 (Rev. 10-2018)

Form W-9 (Rev. 10-2018) Page 2

By signing the filled-out form, you:

1. Certify that the TIN you are giving is correct (or you are waiting for a number to be issued),

2. Certify that you are not subject to backup withholding, or

3. Claim exemption from backup withholding if you are a U.S. exempt payee. If applicable, you are also certifying that as a U.S. person, your allocable share of any partnership income from a U.S. trade or business is not subject to the withholding tax on foreign partners' share of effectively connected income, and

4. Certify that FATCA code(s) entered on this form (if any) indicating that you are exempt from the FATCA reporting, is correct. See What is FATCA reporting, later, for further information. Note: If you are a U.S. person and a requester gives you a form other than Form W-9 to request your TIN, you must use the requester’s form if it is substantially similar to this Form W-9. Definition of a U.S. person. For federal tax purposes, you are considered a U.S. person if you are:

• An individual who is a U.S. citizen or U.S. resident alien;

• A partnership, corporation, company, or association created or organized in the United States or under the laws of the United States;

• An estate (other than a foreign estate); or

• A domestic trust (as defined in Regulations section 301.7701-7). Special rules for partnerships. Partnerships that conduct a trade or business in the United States are generally required to pay a withholding tax under section 1446 on any foreign partners’ share of effectively connected taxable income from such business. Further, in certain cases where a Form W-9 has not been received, the rules under section 1446 require a partnership to presume that a partner is a foreign person, and pay the section 1446 withholding tax. Therefore, if you are a U.S. person that is a partner in a partnership conducting a trade or business in the United States, provide Form W-9 to the partnership to establish your U.S. status and avoid section 1446 withholding on your share of partnership income.

In the cases below, the following person must give Form W-9 to the partnership for purposes of establishing its U.S. status and avoiding withholding on its allocable share of net income from the partnership conducting a trade or business in the United States.

• In the case of a disregarded entity with a U.S. owner, the U.S. owner of the disregarded entity and not the entity;

• In the case of a grantor trust with a U.S. grantor or other U.S. owner, generally, the U.S. grantor or other U.S. owner of the grantor trust and not the trust; and

• In the case of a U.S. trust (other than a grantor trust), the U.S. trust (other than a grantor trust) and not the beneficiaries of the trust. Foreign person. If you are a foreign person or the U.S. branch of a foreign bank that has elected to be treated as a U.S. person, do not use Form W-9. Instead, use the appropriate Form W-8 or Form 8233 (see Pub. 515, Withholding of Tax on Nonresident Aliens and Foreign Entities). Nonresident alien who becomes a resident alien. Generally, only a nonresident alien individual may use the terms of a tax treaty to reduce or eliminate U.S. tax on certain types of income. However, most tax treaties contain a provision known as a “saving clause.” Exceptions specified in the saving clause may permit an exemption from tax to continue for certain types of income even after the payee has otherwise become a U.S. resident alien for tax purposes.

If you are a U.S. resident alien who is relying on an exception contained in the saving clause of a tax treaty to claim an exemption from U.S. tax on certain types of income, you must attach a statement to Form W-9 that specifies the following five items.

1. The treaty country. Generally, this must be the same treaty under which you claimed exemption from tax as a nonresident alien.

2. The treaty article addressing the income.

3. The article number (or location) in the tax treaty that contains the saving clause and its exceptions.

4. The type and amount of income that qualifies for the exemption from tax.

5. Sufficient facts to justify the exemption from tax under the terms of the treaty article.

Example. Article 20 of the U.S.-China income tax treaty allows an exemption from tax for scholarship income received by a Chinese student temporarily present in the United States. Under U.S. law, this student will become a resident alien for tax purposes if his or her stay in the United States exceeds 5 calendar years. However, paragraph 2 of the first Protocol to the U.S.-China treaty (dated April 30, 1984) allows the provisions of Article 20 to continue to apply even after the Chinese student becomes a resident alien of the United States. A Chinese student who qualifies for this exception (under paragraph 2 of the first protocol) and is relying on this exception to claim an exemption from tax on his or her scholarship or fellowship income would attach to Form W-9 a statement that includes the information described above to support that exemption.

If you are a nonresident alien or a foreign entity, give the requester the appropriate completed Form W-8 or Form 8233. Backup Withholding

What is backup withholding? Persons making certain payments to you must under certain conditions withhold and pay to the IRS 24% of such payments. This is called “backup withholding.” Payments that may be subject to backup withholding include interest, tax-exempt interest, dividends, broker and barter exchange transactions, rents, royalties, nonemployee pay, payments made in settlement of payment card and third party network transactions, and certain payments from fishing boat operators. Real estate transactions are not subject to backup withholding.

You will not be subject to backup withholding on payments you receive if you give the requester your correct TIN, make the proper certifications, and report all your taxable interest and dividends on your tax return. Payments you receive will be subject to backup withholding if:

1. You do not furnish your TIN to the requester,

2. You do not certify your TIN when required (see the instructions for Part II for details),

3. The IRS tells the requester that you furnished an incorrect TIN,

4. The IRS tells you that you are subject to backup withholding because you did not report all your interest and dividends on your tax return (for reportable interest and dividends only), or

5. You do not certify to the requester that you are not subject to backup withholding under 4 above (for reportable interest and dividend accounts opened after 1983 only).

Certain payees and payments are exempt from backup withholding. See Exempt payee code, later, and the separate Instructions for the Requester of Form W-9 for more information.

Also see Special rules for partnerships, earlier. What is FATCA Reporting?

The Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act (FATCA) requires a participating foreign financial institution to report all United States account holders that are specified United States persons. Certain payees are exempt from FATCA reporting. See Exemption from FATCA reporting code, later, and the Instructions for the Requester of Form W-9 for more information. Updating Your Information

You must provide updated information to any person to whom you claimed to be an exempt payee if you are no longer an exempt payee and anticipate receiving reportable payments in the future from this person. For example, you may need to provide updated information if you are a C corporation that elects to be an S corporation, or if you no longer are tax exempt. In addition, you must furnish a new Form W-9 if the name or TIN changes for the account; for example, if the grantor of a grantor trust dies. Penalties

Failure to furnish TIN. If you fail to furnish your correct TIN to a requester, you are subject to a penalty of $50 for each such failure unless your failure is due to reasonable cause and not to willful neglect. Civil penalty for false information with respect to withholding. If you make a false statement with no reasonable basis that results in no backup withholding, you are subject to a $500 penalty.

Criminal penalty for falsifying information. Willfully falsifying certifications or affirmations may subject you to criminal penalties including fines and/or imprisonment. Misuse of TINs. If the requester discloses or uses TINs in violation of federal law, the requester may be subject to civil and criminal penalties.

Specific Instructions

Line 1

You must enter one of the following on this line; do not leave this line blank. The name should match the name on your tax return.

If this Form W-9 is for a joint account (other than an account maintained by a foreign financial institution (FFI)), list first, and then circle, the name of the person or entity whose number you entered in Part I of Form W-9. If you are providing Form W-9 to an FFI to document a joint account, each holder of the account that is a U.S. person must provide a Form W-9.

a. Individual. Generally, enter the name shown on your tax return. If you have changed your last name without informing the Social Security Administration (SSA) of the name change, enter your first name, the last name as shown on your social security card, and your new last name. Note: ITIN applicant: Enter your individual name as it was entered on your Form W-7 application, line 1a. This should also be the same as the name you entered on the Form 1040/1040A/1040EZ you filed with your application.

b. Sole proprietor or single-member LLC. Enter your individual name as shown on your 1040/1040A/1040EZ on line 1. You may enter your business, trade, or “doing business as” (DBA) name on line 2.

c. Partnership, LLC that is not a single-member LLC, C corporation, or S corporation. Enter the entity's name as shown on the entity's tax return on line 1 and any business, trade, or DBA name on line 2.

d. Other entities. Enter your name as shown on required U.S. federal tax documents on line 1. This name should match the name shown on the charter or other legal document creating the entity. You may enter any business, trade, or DBA name on line 2.

e. Disregarded entity. For U.S. federal tax purposes, an entity that is disregarded as an entity separate from its owner is treated as a “disregarded entity.” See Regulations section 301.7701-2(c)(2)(iii). Enter the owner's name on line 1. The name of the entity entered on line 1 should never be a disregarded entity. The name on line 1 should be the name shown on the income tax return on which the income should be reported. For example, if a foreign LLC that is treated as a disregarded entity for U.S. federal tax purposes has a single owner that is a U.S. person, the U.S. owner's name is required to be provided on line 1. If the direct owner of the entity is also a disregarded entity, enter the first owner that is not disregarded for federal tax purposes. Enter the disregarded entity's name on line 2, “Business name/disregarded entity name.” If the owner of the disregarded entity is a foreign person, the owner must complete an appropriate Form W-8 instead of a Form W-9. This is the case even if the foreign person has a U.S. TIN.

Line 2

If you have a business name, trade name, DBA name, or disregarded entity name, you may enter it on line 2.

Line 3

Check the appropriate box on line 3 for the U.S. federal tax classification of the person whose name is entered on line 1. Check only one box on line 3.

Line 4, Exemptions

If you are exempt from backup withholding and/or FATCA reporting, enter in the appropriate space on line 4 any code(s) that may apply to you. Exempt payee code.

• Generally, individuals (including sole proprietors) are not exempt from backup withholding.

• Except as provided below, corporations are exempt from backup withholding for certain payments, including interest and dividends.

• Corporations are not exempt from backup withholding for payments made in settlement of payment card or third party network transactions.

• Corporations are not exempt from backup withholding with respect to attorneys’ fees or gross proceeds paid to attorneys, and corporations that provide medical or health care services are not exempt with respect to payments reportable on Form 1099-MISC.

The following codes identify payees that are exempt from backup withholding. Enter the appropriate code in the space in line 4.

1—An organization exempt from tax under section 501(a), any IRA, or a custodial account under section 403(b)(7) if the account satisfies the requirements of section 401(f)(2)

2—The United States or any of its agencies or instrumentalities 3—A state, the District of Columbia, a U.S. commonwealth or possession, or any of their political subdivisions or instrumentalities

4—A foreign government or any of its political subdivisions, agencies, or instrumentalities

5—A corporation 6—A dealer in securities or commodities required to register in the United States, the District of Columbia, or a U.S. commonwealth or possession

7—A futures commission merchant registered with the Commodity Futures Trading Commission

8—A real estate investment trust 9—An entity registered at all times during the tax year under the Investment Company Act of 1940 10—A common trust fund operated by a bank under section 584(a) 11—A financial institution 12—A middleman known in the investment community as a nominee or custodian 13—A trust exempt from tax under section 664 or described in section 4947

Form W-9 (Rev. 10-2018) Page 4

The following chart shows types of payments that may be exempt

1 See Form 1099-MISC, Miscellaneous Income, and its instructions.

2 However, the following payments made to a corporation and reportable on Form 1099-MISC are not exempt from backup

withholding: medical and health care payments, attorneys’ fees, gross

proceeds paid to an attorney reportable under section 6045(f), and payments for services paid by a federal executive agency. Exemption from FATCA reporting code. The following codes identify payees that are exempt from reporting under FATCA. These codes apply to persons submitting this form for accounts maintained outside of the United States by certain foreign financial institutions. Therefore, if you are only submitting this form for an account you hold in the United States, you may leave this field blank. Consult with the person requesting this form if you are uncertain if the financial institution is subject to these requirements. A requester may indicate that a code is not required by providing you with a Form W-9 with “Not Applicable” (or any similar indication) written or printed on the line for a FATCA exemption code.

A—An organization exempt from tax under section 501(a) or any individual retirement plan as defined in section 7701(a)(37)

B—The United States or any of its agencies or instrumentalities C—A state, the District of Columbia, a U.S. commonwealth or possession, or any of their political subdivisions or instrumentalities

D—A corporation the stock of which is regularly traded on one or more established securities markets, as described in Regulations section 1.1472-1(c)(1)(i)

E—A corporation that is a member of the same expanded affiliated group as a corporation described in Regulations section 1.1472-1(c)(1)(i)

F—A dealer in securities, commodities, or derivative financial instruments (including notional principal contracts, futures, forwards, and options) that is registered as such under the laws of the United States or any state

G—A real estate investment trust H—A regulated investment company as defined in section 851 or an entity registered at all times during the tax year under the Investment Company Act of 1940

I—A common trust fund as defined in section 584(a) J—A bank as defined in section 581 K—A broker L—A trust exempt from tax under section 664 or described in section 4947(a)(1)

M—A tax exempt trust under a section 403(b) plan or section 457(g) plan Note: You may wish to consult with the financial institution requesting this form to determine whether the FATCA code and/or exempt payee code should be completed.

Line 5

Enter your address (number, street, and apartment or suite number). This is where the requester of this Form W-9 will mail your information returns. If this address differs from the one the requester already has on file, write NEW at the top. If a new address is provided, there is still a chance the old address will be used until the payor changes your address in their records.

Line 6

Enter your city, state, and ZIP code. Part I. Taxpayer Identification Number (TIN)

Enter your TIN in the appropriate box. If you are a resident alien and you do not have and are not eligible to get an SSN, your TIN is your IRS individual taxpayer identification number (ITIN). Enter it in the social security number box. If you do not have an ITIN, see How to get a TIN below.

If you are a sole proprietor and you have an EIN, you may enter either your SSN or EIN.

If you are a single-member LLC that is disregarded as an entity separate from its owner, enter the owner’s SSN (or EIN, if the owner has one). Do not enter the disregarded entity’s EIN. If the LLC is classified as a corporation or partnership, enter the entity’s EIN. Note: See What Name and Number To Give the Requester, later, for further clarification of name and TIN combinations. How to get a TIN. If you do not have a TIN, apply for one immediately. To apply for an SSN, get Form SS-5, Application for a Social Security Card, from your local SSA office or get this form online at www.SSA.gov . You may also get this form by calling 1-800-772-1213. Use Form W-7, Application for IRS Individual Taxpayer Identification Number, to apply for an ITIN, or Form SS-4, Application for Employer Identification Number, to apply for an EIN. You can apply for an EIN online by accessing the IRS website at www.irs.gov/Businesses and clicking on Employer Identification Number (EIN) under Starting a Business. Go to www.irs.gov/Forms to view, download, or print Form W-7 and/or Form SS-4. Or, you can go to www.irs.gov/OrderForms to place an order and have Form W-7 and/or SS-4 mailed to you within 10 business days.

If you are asked to complete Form W-9 but do not have a TIN, apply for a TIN and write “Applied For” in the space for the TIN, sign and date the form, and give it to the requester. For interest and dividend payments, and certain payments made with respect to readily tradable instruments, generally you will have 60 days to get a TIN and give it to the requester before you are subject to backup withholding on payments. The 60-day rule does not apply to other types of payments. You will be subject to backup withholding on all such payments until you provide your TIN to the requester. Note: Entering “Applied For” means that you have already applied for a TIN or that you intend to apply for one soon. Caution: A disregarded U.S. entity that has a foreign owner must use the appropriate Form W-8. Part II. Certification

To establish to the withholding agent that you are a U.S. person, or resident alien, sign Form W-9. You may be requested to sign by the withholding agent even if item 1, 4, or 5 below indicates otherwise.

For a joint account, only the person whose TIN is shown in Part I should sign (when required). In the case of a disregarded entity, the person identified on line 1 must sign. Exempt payees, see Exempt payee code, earlier. Signature requirements. Complete the certification as indicated in items 1 through 5 below.

1. Interest, dividend, and barter exchange accounts opened before 1984 and broker accounts considered active during 1983. You must give your correct TIN, but you do not have to sign the certification.

2. Interest, dividend, broker, and barter exchange accounts opened after 1983 and broker accounts considered inactive during 1983. You must sign the certification or backup withholding will apply. If you are subject to backup withholding and you are merely providing your correct TIN to the requester, you must cross out item 2 in the certification before signing the form.

3. Real estate transactions. You must sign the certification. You may cross out item 2 of the certification.

4. Other payments. You must give your correct TIN, but you do not have to sign the certification unless you have been notified that you have previously given an incorrect TIN. “Other payments” include payments made in the course of the requester’s trade or business for rents, royalties, goods (other than bills for merchandise), medical and health care services (including payments to corporations), payments to a nonemployee for services, payments made in settlement of payment card and third party network transactions, payments to certain fishing boat crew members and fishermen, and gross proceeds paid to attorneys (including payments to corporations).

5. Mortgage interest paid by you, acquisition or abandonment of secured property, cancellation of debt, qualified tuition program payments (under section 529), ABLE accounts (under section 529A), IRA, Coverdell ESA, Archer MSA or HSA contributions or distributions, and pension distributions. You must give your correct TIN, but you do not have to sign the certification.

What Name and Number To Give the Requester

1 List first and circle the name of the person whose number you furnish. If only one person on a joint account has an SSN, that person’s number must be furnished.

2 Circle the minor’s name and furnish the minor’s SSN.

3 You must show your individual name and you may also enter your business or DBA name on the “Business name/disregarded entity” name line. You may use either your SSN or EIN (if you have one), but the IRS encourages you to use your SSN.

4 List first and circle the name of the trust, estate, or pension trust. (Do not furnish the TIN of the personal representative or trustee unless the legal entity itself is not designated in the account title.) Also see Special rules for partnerships, earlier. *Note: The grantor also must provide a Form W-9 to trustee of trust. Note: If no name is circled when more than one name is listed, the number will be considered to be that of the first name listed.

Secure Your Tax Records From Identity Theft

Identity theft occurs when someone uses your personal information such as your name, SSN, or other identifying information, without your permission, to commit fraud or other crimes. An identity thief may use your SSN to get a job or may file a tax return using your SSN to receive a refund.

To reduce your risk:

• Protect your SSN,

• Ensure your employer is protecting your SSN, and

• Be careful when choosing a tax preparer. If your tax records are affected by identity theft and you receive a notice from the IRS, respond right away to the name and phone number printed on the IRS notice or letter.

If your tax records are not currently affected by identity theft but you think you are at risk due to a lost or stolen purse or wallet, questionable credit card activity or credit report, contact the IRS Identity Theft Hotline at 1-800-908-4490 or submit Form 14039.

For more information, see Pub. 5027, Identity Theft Information for Taxpayers.

Victims of identity theft who are experiencing economic harm or a systemic problem, or are seeking help in resolving tax problems that have not been resolved through normal channels, may be eligible for Taxpayer Advocate Service (TAS) assistance. You can reach TAS by calling the TAS toll-free case intake line at 1-877-777-4778 or TTY/TDD 1-800-829-4059. Protect yourself from suspicious emails or phishing schemes. Phishing is the creation and use of email and websites designed to mimic legitimate business emails and websites. The most common act is sending an email to a user falsely claiming to be an established legitimate enterprise in an attempt to scam the user into surrendering private information that will be used for identity theft.

Form W-9 (Rev. 10-2018) Page 6

The IRS does not initiate contacts with taxpayers via emails. Also, the IRS does not request personal detailed information through email or ask taxpayers for the PIN numbers, passwords, or similar secret access information for their credit card, bank, or other financial accounts.

If you receive an unsolicited email claiming to be from the IRS, forward this message to phishing@irs.gov. You may also report misuse of the IRS name, logo, or other IRS property to the Treasury Inspector General for Tax Administration (TIGTA) at 1-800-366-4484. You can forward suspicious emails to the Federal Trade Commission at spam@uce.gov or report them at www.ftc.gov/complaint. You can contact the FTC at www.ftc.gov/idtheft or 877-IDTHEFT (877-438-4338). If you have been the victim of identity theft, see www.IdentityTheft.gov and Pub. 5027.

Visit www.irs.gov/IdentityTheft to learn more about identity theft and how to reduce your risk.

Privacy Act Notice

Section 6109 of the Internal Revenue Code requires you to provide your correct TIN to persons (including federal agencies) who are required to file information returns with the IRS to report interest, dividends, or certain other income paid to you; mortgage interest you paid; the acquisition or abandonment of secured property; the cancellation of debt; or contributions you made to an IRA, Archer MSA, or HSA. The person collecting this form uses the information on the form to file information returns with the IRS, reporting the above information. Routine uses of this information include giving it to the Department of Justice for civil and criminal litigation and to cities, states, the District of Columbia, and U.S. commonwealths and possessions for use in administering their laws. The information also may be disclosed to other countries under a treaty, to federal and state agencies to enforce civil and criminal laws, or to federal law enforcement and intelligence agencies to combat terrorism. You must provide your TIN whether or not you are required to file a tax return. Under section 3406, payers must generally withhold a percentage of taxable interest, dividend, and certain other payments to a payee who does not give a TIN to the payer. Certain penalties may also apply for providing false or fraudulent information.

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(Rev. June 2022)

Section references are to the Internal Revenue Code unless otherwise noted.

Future developments. For the latest information about developments related to the Forms W-8 and their instructions for requesters, such as legislation enacted after they were published, go to IRS.gov/UAC/About- Form-W8 .

What's New

Guidance under section 1446(f). The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (TCJA) added section 1446(f), which generally requires that if any portion of a gain on any disposition of an interest in a partnership would be treated under section 864(c)(8) as effectively connected gain, the transferee purchasing an interest in such a partnership from a non-U.S. transferor must withhold a tax equal to 10% of the amount realized on the disposition unless an exception to withholding applies. Section 1446(f) generally applies to transfers occurring on or after January 1, 2018. T.D. 9926 (84 FR 76910), published on November 30, 2020, contains final regulations (section 1446(f) regulations) relating to the withholding and reporting requirements under section 1446(f), including those that apply to brokers effecting transfers of interests in publicly traded partnerships (PTPs). The section 1446(f) regulations also revise certain requirements under section 1446(a) relating to withholding and reporting on distributions made by PTPs, and expand the entities permitted to act as nominees for PTP distributions to include certain qualified intermediaries (QIs) and certain U.S. branches. Withholding on transfers of interests in PTPs and the revisions included in the section 1446(f) regulations relating to withholding on PTP distributions under section 1446(a) apply to transfers and distributions that occur on or after January 1, 2023. See Notice 2021-51, 2021-36 I.R.B. 361. The provisions of the section 1446(f) regulations relating to withholding and reporting on transfers of interests in partnerships that are not PTPs generally apply to transfers occurring after January 29, 2021. Forms W-8 and their accompanying instructions (excluding Form W-8EXP) were updated (Rev. October 2021) to incorporate the use of those forms by brokers and transferors of partnership interests receiving payments of amounts realized for purposes of section 1446(f) and by partners and brokers receiving PTP distributions. These instructions address certain requirements of brokers and other withholding agents that

Department of the Treasury Internal Revenue Service

make those payments in connection with their reliance on Forms W-8.

Section 871(m) regulations and qualified securities lenders (QSLs). Notice 2020-2 , 2020-3 I.R.B. 327, further extended the transition relief provided in Notice 2018-72, 2018-40 I.R.B. 522, for certain provisions of the section 871(m) regulations, generally for 2021 and 2022. Notice 2020-2 also further extended the period that a withholding agent may apply the transition rules to act as a QSL described in obsoleted Notice 2010-46, 2010-24 I.R.B. 757, Part III, for substitute dividend payments made in 2021 and 2022. As a result, the updated Form W-8IMY (Rev. October 2021) includes chapter 3 status certifications for entities acting as QSLs (applicable to either a QI or other entity acting as a QSL). The updated Instructions for Form W-8IMY also clarify when a QI may continue to claim status as a QSL in a case in which it is also a qualified derivatives dealer (QDD) (as provided in the QI agreement) and include certain other clarifying changes relevant to section 871(m) and QSL status.

FTIN not legally required. Certain Forms W-8 were updated (Rev. October 2021) to include a new line, “FTIN not legally required,” for account holders otherwise required to provide a foreign taxpayer identification number (FTIN) on the form to indicate that they are not legally required to obtain an FTIN from their jurisdiction of residence.

Nonqualified intermediary (NQI) that provides an al- ternative withholding statement. The Form W-8IMY and its instructions were updated (Rev. October 2021) to allow an NQI that is to provide alternative withholding statements and beneficial owner withholding certificates for payments associated with this form to represent on the form that the information on the withholding certificates will be verified for consistency as required under Regulations section 1.1441-1(e)(3)(iv)(C)(3) (added in T.D. 9890). A similar allowance applies to a nonwithholding foreign partnership or a nonwithholding foreign trust that provides an alternative withholding statement.

Electronic signature. The accompanying instructions for certain Forms W-8 were updated (Rev. October 2021) to reference additional guidance included in final regulations issued under chapter 3 (T.D. 9890) concerning reliance on withholding certificates with electronic signatures. See Regulations section 1.1441-1(e)(4)(i)(B) (added in T.D. 9890).

Jun 22, 2022 Cat. No. 26698G

Section 6050Y reporting. The accompanying instructions for certain Forms W-8 were updated (Rev. October 2021) to reference the use of the forms by a foreign person that is a seller of a life insurance contract (or interest therein) or a foreign person that is a recipient of a reportable death benefit for purposes of reporting under section 6050Y. Purpose of Instructions These instructions supplement the instructions for the forms listed below and provide notes to assist withholding agents and foreign financial institutions (FFIs) in validating the forms for chapters 3 and 4 purposes. These instructions also outline the due diligence requirements applicable to withholding agents for establishing a beneficial owner’s foreign status and claim for reduced withholding under an income tax treaty. These instructions are not inclusive of all requirements that may apply to a withholding agent for validating Forms W-8. A withholding agent should also reference the applicable regulations under chapters 3 and 4 and the instructions for each Form W-8 listed below.

• Form W-8BEN, Certificate of Foreign Status of Beneficial Owner for United States Tax Withholding and Reporting (Individuals).

• Form W-8BEN-E, Certificate of Status of Beneficial Owner for United States Tax Withholding and Reporting (Entities).

• Form W-8ECI, Certificate of Foreign Person's Claim That Income Is Effectively Connected With the Conduct of a Trade or Business in the United States.

• Form W-8EXP, Certificate of Foreign Government or Other Foreign Organization for United States Tax Withholding and Reporting.

• Form W-8IMY, Certificate of Foreign Intermediary, Foreign Flow-Through Entity, or Certain U.S. Branches for United States Tax Withholding and Reporting.

For definitions of terms not defined in these instructions, see the Forms W-8 and their accompanying instructions.

Throughout these instructions, a reference to or

TIP mention of “Form W-8” includes Forms W-8BEN,

W-8BEN-E, W-8ECI, W-8EXP, and W-8IMY. References to “chapter 3” in the Forms W-8 and their accompanying instructions were generally updated to exclude sections 1445 and 1446 (which those instructions addressed separately as applicable). Thus, references to “chapter 3” in these instructions similarly exclude sections 1445 and 1446.

These instructions reflect the regulatory changes described earlier and the updates to Forms W-8 and their instructions and certain other changes reflected on the most current revisions to the Form W-8 series published as of the date of publication of these instructions. Thus, different rules may apply to withholding agents with respect to prior revisions of Forms W-8 for which these regulatory changes did not yet apply, and different requirements may apply to future revisions of these forms. See Requesting Prior Versions of Form W-8 , later, including the limitations on such use.

Who Is a Withholding Agent? Any person, U.S. or foreign, in whatever capacity acting, that has control, receipt, custody, disposal, or payment of an amount subject to withholding for chapter 3 purposes or a withholdable payment for chapter 4 purposes is a withholding agent. See Regulations section 1.1441-2(e) for what constitutes a payment, which in limited circumstances may include when there is no actual transfer of cash or property (for example, dividend equivalents). The withholding agent may be an individual, corporation, partnership, trust, association, or any other entity, including (but not limited to) any foreign intermediary, foreign partnership, or U.S. branch of certain foreign banks and insurance companies. If several persons qualify as withholding agents for a single payment, the tax required to be withheld must only be withheld once. Generally, the person who pays (or causes to be paid) an amount subject to withholding under chapter 3 or a withholdable payment to the foreign person (or to its agent) must withhold. See the Instructions for Form 1042, Annual Withholding Tax Return for U.S. Source Income of Foreign Persons, and Form 1042-S, Foreign Person's U.S. Source Income Subject to Withholding, for return filing and information reporting obligations with respect to payments made to foreign persons.

For effectively connected taxable income (ECTI) allocable to a foreign partner, the partnership (other than a PTP) is generally the withholding agent and must file Form 8804, Annual Return for Partnership Withholding Tax (section 1446); Form 8805, Foreign Partner's Information Statement of Section 1446 Withholding Tax; and Form 8813, Partnership Withholding Tax Payment Voucher (section 1446). For ECTI allocable to a foreign partner in a PTP, a nominee is generally the withholding agent and must file Form 1042 and 1042-S.

On the transfer of a partnership interest (other than an interest in a PTP) to which withholding under section 1446(f) applies, the transferee is the withholding agent and must withhold 10% of the amount realized. The transferee of a non-PTP interest must file Form 8288, U.S. Withholding Tax Return for Dispositions by Foreign Persons of U.S. Real Property Interests; and Form 8288-A, Statement of Withholding on Dispositions by Foreign Persons of U.S. Real Property Interests. A broker for a transfer of an interest in a PTP to which withholding applies under section 1446(f) is a withholding agent for the amount realized on the transfer and must withhold 10% of the amount realized and file Forms 1042 and 1042-S.

Responsibilities of a Withholding Agent To Obtain Form W-8

Chapter 3 Responsibilities Generally, an amount is subject to withholding for purposes of chapter 3 if it is an amount from sources within the United States that is fixed or determinable annual or periodical (FDAP) income. FDAP income is in general all income included in gross income, including

-2- Inst. for the Requester of Forms W-8 (Rev. June 2022)

TIP

interest (and original issue discount (OID)), dividends (including dividend equivalents), rents, royalties, and compensation. FDAP income does not include most gains from the sale of property (including market discount and option premiums) or items of income excluded from gross income without regard to the U.S. or foreign status of the owner of the income, such as interest under section 103(a). Amounts subject to chapter 3 withholding do not include amounts that are not FDAP income as well as other specific items of income described in Regulations section 1.1441-2 (such as interest on bank deposits and short-term OID).

For purposes of sections 1441 and 1442, if you are a withholding agent, you must withhold 30% of any payment of an amount subject to chapter 3 withholding made to a payee that is a foreign person unless you can reliably associate the payment with documentation (for example, Form W-8 or Form W-9, Request for Taxpayer Identification Number and Certification) upon which you can rely to treat the payment as made to (a) a payee that is a U.S. person, or (b) a beneficial owner that is a foreign person entitled to a reduced rate of, or exemption from, withholding. In certain circumstances, however, you may be allowed to associate a payment with documentary evidence rather than a Form W-8 for a payment made outside the United States with respect to an offshore obligation under Regulations section 1.6049-5(c)(1). A withholding agent must also withhold under section 1443 on certain payments to foreign tax-exempt organizations that are unrelated business taxable income or subject to the 4% excise tax imposed by section 4948.

However, a withholding agent making a payment to a foreign person need not withhold under chapter 3 if the foreign person assumes responsibility for withholding on the payment as a QI (other than a QI that is acting as a QDD, in which case withholding is not required only for a payment with respect to a section 871(m) transaction that is not an underlying security or a dividend equivalent), or if the foreign person is a withholding foreign partnership (WP), or a withholding foreign trust (WT) that has provided a valid Form W-8IMY certifying to such status. A withholding agent is not required to withhold on dividends paid in 2022 to a QI acting as a QDD in its equity derivatives dealer capacity. The QDD's withholding statement should contain the information necessary for determining the dividends subject to withholding. See the Instructions for Form W-8IMY for the requirements for a QDD withholding statement. Withholding under chapter 3 is also not required if the payment is made to a U.S. branch of a foreign insurance company or foreign bank or a territory financial institution that agrees to be treated as a U.S. person under the requirements of Regulations section 1.1441-1(b)(2)(iv)(A) and provides a valid Form W-8IMY certifying to such status.

Chapter 4 Responsibilities For purposes of chapter 4, if you are a withholding agent, you must withhold 30% of any payment that is a withholdable payment (as defined in Regulations section 1.1473-1(a)) made to a nonparticipating FFI that is not an exempt beneficial owner or to a non-financial foreign entity (NFFE) that is not an excepted NFFE and does not disclose its substantial U.S. owners (or certify that it has

Inst. for the Requester of Forms W-8 (Rev. June 2022) -3-

no substantial U.S. owners). In addition, if you are a withholding agent and also a participating FFI, you must withhold to the extent required under Regulations section 1.1471-4(b) and the FFI agreement, which, in addition to the requirements described in the previous sentence, require withholding on withholdable payments made to recalcitrant account holders.

You must determine if a payment is a withholdable payment without regard to any exceptions from withholding applicable under chapter 3. For each such withholdable payment, you must obtain a Form W-8 (or other documentation permitted under Regulations section 1.1471-3(d)) upon which you are permitted to rely under chapter 4 to determine the chapter 4 status of a payee that is a foreign person for purposes of whether withholding applies under chapter 4. Thus, a determination of whether a Form W-8 is valid for purposes of providing an exemption from chapter 4 withholding is a separate determination from whether the Form W-8 may be relied upon to provide an exemption from (or reduction in) withholding under chapter 3. For purposes of determining whether withholding under chapter 4 applies to a payment to a QI, WP, or WT, the exceptions in chapter 3 for QIs, WPs, and WTs will apply, provided the entity includes its chapter 4 status on Form W-8IMY. See also Notes for Validating Form W-8IMY under Form W-8IMY , later, for the requirements for withholdable payments made to certain U.S. branches that act as intermediaries.

Section 1446(a) and (f) Responsibilities Section 1446(a) requires a partnership conducting a trade or business in the United States to withhold tax on a foreign partner's allocable share of the partnership's ECTI at the highest tax rate applicable to that person for the type of income allocated (for example, ordinary income or capital gains) in accordance with the provisions of Regulations sections 1.1446-1 through 1.1446-6. For a partnership that is not a PTP, the partnership must withhold in the year the ECTI is allocable to the foreign partner, whether or not there is a distribution. In contrast, if the partnership is a PTP, the partnership withholds in the year in the ECTI is distributed to the foreign partner, not in the year the ECTI is allocable to the foreign partner.

Section 1446(f) generally requires a transferee of a partnership interest (or a broker in the case of a transfer of a PTP interest) to withhold on the amount realized from the transfer by a foreign person when any portion of the gain from the transfer would be treated as effectively connected gain under section 864(c)(8).

To avoid being subject to the default withholding rules under section 1446(a) or (f), a partner must provide a certification to the partnership or transferee, respectively. A U.S. person that submits a valid Form W-9 generally will not be subject to withholding under section 1446(a) or (f). Generally, a foreign person that is a partner in a partnership that submits a Form W-8 for purposes of section 1441 or 1442 will satisfy the documentation requirements under section 1446(a) or (f) as well. However, in some cases the documentation requirements of sections 1441 and 1442 do not match the documentation requirements of section 1446(a) or (f). See

Regulations sections 1.1446-1 through 1.1446-6 (for documentation requirements under section 1446(a)) and Regulations sections 1.1446(f)-2 and 1.1446(f)-4 (for documentation requirements under section 1446(f)). For example, a Form W-8 provided by a partner (including a partner that is a partnership or trust) for section 1446(a) or (f) purposes must include the partner's U.S. TIN to be a valid form to qualify for a preferential rate of withholding (to the extent applicable), which you may also rely upon when included on a separate statement associated with an otherwise valid Form W-8. This statement may be provided by a partner that obtains a partnership interest after providing to you an otherwise valid Form W-8. A separate statement for providing a U.S. TIN must indicate that it relates to the applicable Form W-8. See, however, Regulation section 1.1441-1(e)(4)(vii) for when a U.S. TIN is required on a Form W-8 to be a valid form for chapter 3 purposes. See also Regulations section 1.1446(f)-4(a)(5) for when you may rely on a Form W-8 or Form W-9 furnished by a U.S. clearing organization for a member of the clearing organization for purposes of your requirement (as a broker) to withhold on the transfer of a PTP interest. A requirement to withhold under section 1446(f) will not apply if you are a broker paying an amount realized on the sale of a PTP interest regardless of whether you obtain a valid Form W-8 when the PTP publishes a qualified notice representing that the “10%” exception to withholding under section 1446(f) applies (when applicable to the period in which the sale is made). See Regulations section 1.1446(f)-4(b)(3).

Form 8966) when the individual provides a Form W-8BEN and certain documentary evidence establishing foreign status.

If you are an FFI documenting an account holder of an account that you determine is excepted as a financial account under Regulations section 1.1471-5(b)(2), a Form W-8 (or other permitted documentation for chapter 4 purposes) is not required unless the form is associated with amounts subject to withholding under chapter 3. In such a case, a valid chapter 4 status (including that the account is not a financial account) is not required to be provided on the form.

Other Uses of Form W-8

Chapter 61 and section 3406. The Form W-8 you collect may also be used to establish a person's status for purposes of domestic information reporting under chapter 61 and backup withholding under section 3406, including for a payment settlement entity to determine whether a participating payee is a foreign person for purposes of section 6050W and whether a reportable policy sale recipient or reportable death benefits recipient is a foreign person for purposes of the reporting required under section 6050Y. In general, if you receive a Form W-8 that you can reliably associate with the payment and are permitted to rely upon (generally under the standards for foreign status claims for chapter 3 purposes), you are exempt from reporting the payment on a Form 1099 and withholding under section 3406.

FFI documenting account holders. If you are an FFI maintaining a financial account, you may be required to perform due diligence procedures to identify and document the account holder under the chapter 4 regulations or an applicable intergovernmental agreement (IGA) even if you are not making a payment to the account holder that is subject to withholding. You may use Form W-8 to document the chapter 4 status of an account holder and to validate a claim of foreign status made by the account holder, such as when the account has certain U.S. indicia. For example, a participating FFI may treat an individual account holder claiming foreign status that has U.S. indicia (as described in Regulations section 1.1471-4(c)(5)(iv)(B)) as a foreign person for purposes of the FFI’s U.S. account reporting requirements (that is,

Requesting Form W-8 Generally, if you are making a payment of an amount subject to chapter 3 withholding or a withholdable payment, you must withhold as required at the 30% rate under chapter 3 or 4 unless you can reliably associate the payment with a Form W-8 or other permitted documentation to permit withholding at a reduced rate or an exemption from withholding. You can reliably associate a payment with a Form W-8 if you hold a valid form that contains the information required for purposes of chapter 3 or 4 (as applicable), you can reliably determine how much of the payment relates to the form, and you may rely upon the form under the due diligence requirements. See Due Diligence Requirements in General , later.

You should request a Form W-8 from any person to whom you are making a payment that you believe to be a foreign person. You should request the form before making a payment so that you have the form when you make the payment. See, however, Regulations sections 1.1441-1(b)(7)(ii) and 1.1471-3(c)(7)(ii) for when you may be able to rely on a Form W-8 obtained after the date of a payment to support reduced withholding for chapter 3 or 4 purposes.

A withholding agent or payor that fails to obtain a valid Form W-8 or Form W-9 and fails to withhold as required under the presumption rules may be assessed tax at the 30% rate under chapter 3 or 4 or the 24% backup withholding rate under section 3406 (as of the revision date of these instructions), as well as interest and penalties for lack of compliance. If you are a partnership that fails to withhold on ECTI allocable to a foreign partner as required under section 1446(a) or are a broker or transferee that fails to withhold as required under section 1446(f), you will be liable for the tax required to be withheld. A nominee for a PTP distribution may also be liable for failing to withhold to the extent required on the distribution under Regulations section 1.1446-4. In addition under applicable regulations to section 1446(a) or (f), you may in certain cases be liable for interest, penalties, and additions to the tax even if there is no underlying tax liability due from a foreign partner on its allocable share of the partnership’s ECTI or from the transferor on the transfer of a partnership interest.

If you are a withholding agent making a payment of an amount subject to chapter 3 withholding or a withholdable payment and you make the payment to an intermediary, you must obtain documentation from such intermediary (including the intermediary’s chapter 4 status if the

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payment is a withholdable payment), as well as any required documentation for the beneficial owner(s) of the payment to the extent required under the chapter 3 or 4 regulations.

Do not send Forms W-8 to the IRS. Instead, keep the forms in your records for as long as they may be relevant to the determination of your liability under section 1461 (for amounts subject to chapter 3 withholding), section 1474 (for withholdable payments), or Regulations section 1.1471-4(c)(2)(iv) (for an FFI documenting account holders). See, however, section 1.1446(f)-2(b)(7) for the requirement to furnish a certification for claiming treaty benefits to the IRS on the transfer of an interest in a partnership (other than a PTP) subject to section 1446(f).

Form W-8 provided or signed electronically. You may rely on a valid Form W-8 received by facsimile or scanned and furnished to you by email unless you know that the person transmitting the Form W-8 is not authorized to do so.

You may also rely on an otherwise valid Form W-8 received electronically from a third-party repository if the form was uploaded or provided to the third-party repository and there are processes in place to ensure that the withholding certificate can be reliably associated with a specific request from you and a specific authorization from the person providing the form (or an agent of the person providing the form) for you to receive the withholding certificate. Notwithstanding the preceding sentence, you do not need a specific authorization for each payment to be associated with the withholding certificate when you are permitted to rely on the withholding certificate on an obligation-by-obligation basis or as otherwise permitted under Regulations section 1.1441-1(e)(4)(ix). You may also rely on a withholding statement received from a third-party repository if the intermediary provides a Form W-8IMY and withholding statement through the repository, provides an updated withholding statement to you in the event of any change in the information previously provided, and ensures there are processes in place to update you when there is a new withholding statement (and Forms W-8, as necessary) in the event of any change that would affect the validity of the prior forms or withholding statement. For purposes of this paragraph, a third-party repository is an entity that maintains withholding certificates but is not an agent of the applicable withholding agent or the person providing the certificate. See Regulations section 1.1441-1(e)(4)(iv) (E) for the complete requirements for relying on a withholding certificate from a third-party repository.

If you are a withholding agent that maintains a system for furnishing Forms W-8 electronically, you must satisfy the requirements of Regulations section 1.1441-1(e)(4)(iv) (B). You may otherwise accept a Form W-8 with an electronic signature, provided the electronic signature meets the requirements of Regulations section 1.1441-1(e)(4)(iv)(B)(3)(ii). The withholding certificate must reasonably demonstrate that the form has been electronically signed by the recipient identified on the form (or a person authorized to sign for the recipient). For example, a withholding agent may treat as signed for purposes of the requirements of a valid withholding certificate, a withholding certificate that has in the

Inst. for the Requester of Forms W-8 (Rev. June 2022) -5-

signature block the name of the person authorized to sign, a time and date stamp, and a statement that the certificate has been electronically signed. You may not treat a Form W-8 with a typed name in the signature line as validly signed without further information supporting that the signature is an electronic signature. You may also rely on an electronically signed withholding certificate based on additional information or documentation that you have no actual knowledge to be incorrect. See Regulations section 1.1441-1(e)(4)(i)(B).

Requesting Prior Versions of Form W-8

If the IRS issues an updated version of a Form W-8, you may accept the prior version of the form until the later of 6 full months after the revision date shown on the form or the end of the calendar year the updated form is issued (based on the revision date shown on the form), unless the IRS has issued guidance that affects the period for acceptance of the prior version (for example, if a new payee status is required under revised regulations that is not in the prior version and is relevant to the payee’s claim).

Due Diligence Requirements for Reliance on Forms W-8 When you receive a completed Form W-8, you must review it for completeness and accuracy with respect to the claims made on the form, as well as any information attached to the form, such as withholding statements and beneficial owner withholding certificates associated with a Form W-8IMY. In general, you may rely on the information and certifications provided on the form unless you have actual knowledge or reason to know that the information is unreliable or incorrect. If you know or have reason to know that any information is unreliable or incorrect, you must obtain a new Form W-8 or other appropriate documentation. You may accept a valid Form W-8 for chapter 3 or 61 purposes (or for backup withholding purposes) that does not contain a valid chapter 4 status with respect to payments that are not withholdable payments.

Reason to know. In general, you have reason to know that a Form W-8 is unreliable or incorrect if:

• The form is incomplete with respect to any item that is relevant to the claims made;

• The form contains any information that is inconsistent with the claims made;

• The form lacks information necessary to establish that the beneficial owner is entitled to a reduced rate of withholding; or

• You have other account information that is inconsistent with the claims made, or you have knowledge of relevant facts or statements contained in the withholding certificate or other documentation that would cause a reasonably prudent person in your position to question the claims made. For example, if you have information in your records that contradicts information provided on the form, you may not rely on the form.

With respect to a claim for benefits under an income tax treaty, your reason-to-know requirement that the treaty claim is unreliable or incorrect includes when the

beneficial owner claims benefits under a treaty that does not exist or is not in force. For this purpose, you may use the list maintained at IRS.gov/businesses/international- businesses/united-states-income-tax-treaties-a-to-z to check whether a treaty exists and is in force.

b. You may treat an entity that has provided you with a Form W-8BEN-E as a foreign person if you do not know or have reason to know that the entity is a flow-through entity and:

Limitations on reason to know for certain entities. If you are a financial institution (as defined in Regulations section 1.1471-5(e)), insurance company, or broker or dealer in securities maintaining an account for a direct account holder that is the beneficial owner of the payment, and you make a payment of U.S. source FDAP income to the direct account holder, you have reason to know that a Form W-8 that is a beneficial owner withholding certificate (excluding Form W-8ECI) is unreliable or incorrect for establishing foreign status (or residency in a treaty country in item 4, directly below) only if one or more of the following circumstances exist. See also Regulations section 1.1441-7(b)(3)(ii) for special rules that apply to preexisting obligations (as defined for such purpose).

1. You have classified the account holder claiming foreign status as a U.S. person in your account information, the Form W-8 has a current permanent residence address or a current mailing address in the United States, you have a current residence or current mailing address in the United States as part of the account information, the direct account holder notifies you of a new residence or mailing address in the United States, or, only to the extent described in Regulations section 1.1441-7(b)(5), you have a U.S. telephone number as the sole telephone number for the account holder. However:

i. You have in your possession or obtain documentation establishing foreign status that substantiates that the entity is actually organized or created under the laws of a foreign country; or

a. An individual who has provided a Form W-8BEN may be treated as a foreign person if:

i. You have in your possession or obtain documentary evidence establishing foreign status (as described in Regulations section 1.1471-3(c)(5)(i)) that does not contain a U.S. address, and the individual provides you with a reasonable explanation, in writing, supporting his or her claim of foreign status;

ii. For a payment made outside the United States with respect to an offshore obligation (as defined in Regulations section 1.6049-5(c)(1)), you have in your possession or obtain documentary evidence establishing foreign status (as described in Regulations section 1.1471-3(c)(5)(i)) that does not contain a U.S. address; iii. For a payment made with respect to an offshore obligation (as defined in Regulations section 1.6049-5(c) (1)), you classify the individual as a resident of the country where the obligation is maintained, you are required to report payments made to the individual annually on a tax information statement that is filed with the tax authority of the country in which the obligation is maintained, and that country has an income tax treaty or information exchange agreement in effect with the United States; or

iv. For a case in which you have classified the account holder as a U.S. person in your account information, you have in your possession or obtain documentary evidence (as described in Regulations section 1.1471-3(c)(5)(i)(B)) demonstrating citizenship in a country other than the United States.

ii. For a payment made with respect to an offshore obligation (as defined in Regulations section 1.6049-5(c) (1)), you classify the entity as a resident of the country in which the account is maintained, you are required to report a payment made to the entity annually on a tax information statement that is filed with the tax authority of the country in which the obligation is maintained, and that country has an income tax treaty or tax information exchange agreement in effect with the United States.

2. The form is provided with respect to an offshore obligation (as defined in Regulations section 1.6049-5(c) (1)) and the direct account holder has provided standing instructions directing you to pay amounts from its account to an address in, or an account maintained in, the United States, unless the account holder provides either a reasonable explanation in writing that supports its foreign status or documentary evidence establishing its foreign status (as described in Regulations section 1.1471-3(c)(5) (i)).

3. The Form W-8BEN is provided by an individual that is a direct account holder and is used to establish foreign status and you have, either on accompanying documentation or as part of your account information, an unambiguous indication of a place of birth for the individual in the United States, unless you have in your possession or obtain documentary evidence (described in Regulations section 1.1471-3(c)(5)(i)(B)) demonstrating citizenship in a country other than the United States and either:

i. You have in your possession, or obtain, documentary evidence (as described in Regulations

a. A copy of the individual’s Certificate of Loss of Nationality of the United States, or

b. A reasonable written explanation of the account holder’s renunciation of U.S. citizenship or the reason the account holder did not obtain U.S. citizenship at birth.

4. The Form W-8 is provided by a direct account holder and is used to establish residence in a treaty country and:

a. The permanent residence address on the form is not in the treaty country or the direct account holder notifies you of a new permanent residence address that is not in the treaty country, unless the direct account holder provides a reasonable explanation for the permanent residence address outside the treaty country or you have in your possession, or obtain, documentary evidence (described in Regulations section 1.1471-3(c)(5)(i)) that establishes residency in the treaty country.

b. The permanent residence address is in the treaty country, but the mailing address on the form is not in the treaty country or you have a current mailing address that is not in the treaty country as part of your account information for the direct account holder, unless:

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section 1.1471-3(c)(5)(i)) supporting the claim of residence in the treaty country and the additional documentation does not contain an address outside the treaty country;

ii. You have in your possession, or obtain, documentation that establishes that the direct account holder is an entity organized in a treaty country (or an entity managed and controlled in a treaty country, if required by the applicable treaty);

iii. You know that the address outside the treaty country (other than a P.O. box or in-care-of address) is a branch of the direct account holder that is a resident of the treaty country; or

iv. The direct account holder provides a written statement that reasonably establishes entitlement to treaty benefits.

c. The direct account holder has standing instructions for you to pay amounts from the account to an address or account outside the treaty country unless the account holder provides a reasonable explanation, in writing, establishing the account holder's residence in the applicable treaty country or you have in your possession or obtain documentary evidence (described in Regulations section 1.1471-3(c)(5)(i)) establishing the account holder’s residence in the applicable treaty country.

Where required, a reasonable explanation supporting an individual’s claim of foreign status means a written statement prepared by the individual, or, in the alternative, a checklist provided by you and completed by the individual stating that the individual meets one of the requirements listed in Regulations section 1.1441-7(b) (12)(i) through (iv).

For additional information on the standards of knowledge for chapter 3 purposes for relying on a claim of foreign status or a claim of residency in a treaty country and limitations on reason to know, see Regulations sections 1.1441-6(b)(1) and 1.1441-7(b). For additional information on the standards of knowledge for Forms W-8 provided for chapter 4 purposes, see Regulations section 1.1471-3(e).

Hold mail instruction. An address that is provided subject to an instruction to hold all mail to that address is not a permanent residence address, such that you may not rely upon the Form W-8. However, the address can be used as a permanent residence address if the person has provided you with the documentary evidence required for this purpose, which differs depending on whether the Form W-8 includes a treaty claim but which need not include a permanent residence address. See Regulations section 1.1441-1(c)(38)(ii). If, after a Form W-8 is provided, a person’s permanent residence address is subsequently subject to a hold mail instruction, this is a change in circumstances requiring the person to provide the documentary evidence described in the preceding sentence in order to use the address as a permanent residence address.

Dual claims under a tax treaty. If you are making payments to a foreign entity that is simultaneously claiming a reduced rate of tax under a tax treaty on its own behalf and a separate treaty claim on behalf of its interest

holders for different payments or for different portions of the same payment, you may accept the dual claims even though you hold different withholding certificates that require you to treat the entity inconsistently. Alternatively, you may choose to apply only the claim made by the entity, provided that the entity may be treated as the beneficial owner of the income. If, however, inconsistent claims are made for the same portion of a payment, you may either reject both claims and request consistent claims for that portion of the payment, or you may choose which reduction in rate to apply.

Requirements for Obtaining and Verifying a Global Intermediary Identification Number (GIIN) If you receive a Form W-8BEN-E, W-8IMY, or W-8EXP from an entity payee claiming certain chapter 4 statuses, you must obtain and verify the entity’s GIIN against the published IRS FFI list. See Regulations section 1.1471-3(e)(3). You must obtain and verify the GIIN for the following chapter 4 statuses.

• Participating FFIs (including reporting Model 2 FFIs).

• Registered deemed-compliant FFIs (including reporting Model 1 FFIs).

If you receive a Form W-8BEN-E or Form W-8IMY from a nonreporting IGA FFI that is a trustee-documented trust that indicates its trustee is foreign, you must obtain a GIIN of the trustee on the form.

If you receive a Form W-8 from a nonreporting IGA FFI that checks Model 2 IGA in Part XII of Form W-8BEN-E, Part XIX of Form W-8IMY, or Part III, line 15, of Form W-8EXP (as applicable), and identifies a category of entity that is a registered deemed-compliant FFI under Annex II of an applicable Model 2 IGA, you must obtain and verify the GIIN of the nonreporting IGA FFI against the published IRS FFI list. Additionally, if you receive a Form W-8BEN-E or Form W-8IMY from a nonreporting IGA FFI that provides a citation to a section of the Regulations for its registered deemed-compliant status in Part XII of Form W-8BEN-E or Part XIX of Form W-8IMY (as applicable) or the FFI identifies itself as a registered deemed-complaint FFI in Part I, line 4, of Form W-8EXP, you must obtain and verify the GIIN of the nonreporting IGA FFI against the published IRS FFI list. See Regulations section 1.1471-1(b)(83) for the definition of nonreporting IGA FFI and Regulations section 1.1471-3(d)(7)(i) for the documentation requirements for nonreporting IGA FFIs.

For an entity claiming status as a certified deemed-compliant FFI that is a sponsored, closely held investment vehicle described in Regulations section 1.1471-5(f)(2)(iii) on a Form W-8BEN-E or Form W-8IMY, you must obtain the GIIN for the sponsoring entity and verify it against the published IRS FFI list. For an entity claiming status as a sponsored investment entity or controlled foreign corporation described in Regulations section 1.1471-5(f)(1)(i)(F), you must obtain and verify the GIIN of the sponsored investment entity or controlled foreign corporation against the published IRS FFI list, not the GIIN of the sponsoring entity.

• Direct reporting NFFEs.

• Sponsored direct reporting NFFEs.

• Certain nonreporting IGA FFIs (as described below).

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If you receive a Form W-8BEN-E, Form W-8IMY, or Form W-8EXP from an entity payee that is claiming chapter 4 status as a participating FFI (including a reporting Model 2 FFI), registered deemed-compliant FFI (including a reporting Model 1 FFI and a sponsored FFI described in the Treasury regulations under section 1471), direct reporting NFFE, sponsored direct reporting NFFE, or nonreporting IGA FFI required to provide a GIIN (as described earlier) that contains “Applied for” in the box for the GIIN, the payee must provide its GIIN within 90 days of providing the form. A Form W-8 from such a payee that does not include a GIIN, or includes a GIIN that does not appear on the published IRS FFI list, will be invalid for purposes of chapter 4 beginning on the date that is 90 days after the date the form is provided. See Regulations section 1.1471-3(e)(3)(iii) and (iv).

You may only accept a Form W-8BEN-E or Form W-8IMY with Part II completed if the entity shown in Part II is an FFI that is a branch of the entity identified in Part II, line 1, and the branch is receiving a withholdable payment, or if the entity shown in Part II is a disregarded entity that is identified in Part I, line 3, as receiving the payment. If you receive a Form W-8BEN-E or Form W-8IMY from a branch (other than a U.S. branch) or disregarded entity described in the preceding sentence that is receiving a payment associated with the form, you must verify the GIIN of the branch (unless the branch is treated as a nonparticipating FFI) or disregarded entity that is provided in Part II against the published IRS FFI list and not that of the entity identified in Part I, line 1. In such a case, you may accept the form without a GIIN on line 9a (for Form W-8BEN-E) or line 9 (for Form W-8IMY). If you receive a Form W-8BEN-E from a U.S. branch, the branch may provide the GIIN of any other branch of the FFI (including the GIIN for the FFI’s residence country). A U.S. branch providing a Form W-8IMY is not required to provide a GIIN.

Presumption Rules If you do not receive a valid Form W-8 or Form W-9 that you may rely upon under the due diligence requirements, or cannot otherwise determine whether a payment should be treated as made to a U.S. or foreign person, you must apply the presumption rules provided in the regulations. If the payment is an amount subject to withholding under chapter 3 or 4 or a reportable payment under one of those sections or another relevant section under chapter 61 of the Code, you must apply the presumption rules provided in the Regulations under sections 1441, 1471, 6045, and 6049 (as applicable). If the presumption rules are applied to treat a person as a foreign person, the statutory 30% withholding rate applies to a payment subject to withholding under chapter 3 and cannot be reduced (for example, no treaty rate). You may not rely on the presumption rules if you have actual knowledge that a higher withholding rate is applicable. If you determine that you are making a withholdable payment to an entity and cannot reliably associate the payment with a Form W-8 or other permitted documentation that is valid for chapter 4 purposes, you are required to treat the entity payee as a nonparticipating FFI. If the payment is an amount subject to withholding under section 1446(a) or section 1446(f) for which a valid Form W-9 (or acceptable substitute) is not

received and the partnership does not use other means to determine a partner's non-foreign status (only for section 1446(a) withholding), the amount is treated as made to a foreign person and, unless an exception applies, withholding applies as required under the regulations to section 1446(a) or 1446(f) (as applicable).

When To Request a New Form W-8 Request a new Form W-8:

• Before the expiration of the validity period of an existing Form W-8 (when applicable);

• If the existing form does not support a claim for a reduced rate of withholding or is incomplete with respect to any claim made on the form (such as may result, for example, from a new regulatory requirement relevant to the Form W-8); or

• If you know or have reason to know of a change in circumstances that makes any information on the current form unreliable or incorrect for purposes of chapter 3 or 4 (to the extent applicable) based on the claims made on the form.

Example. A foreign individual investor opens an account with a broker to purchase U.S. Treasury bonds and provides Form W-8BEN to obtain the portfolio interest exemption. The investor does not complete Part II of Form W-8BEN because he or she is not claiming treaty benefits. Later, the investor purchases U.S. stock and claims treaty benefits on dividend income. The withholding agent must obtain a new Form W-8BEN at that time that provides the information required in Part II to be able to withhold based on the treaty claim and not at the 30% withholding tax rate.

Changes in circumstances for chapter 4 purposes. For chapter 4 purposes, a change in circumstances generally occurs when there is a change in a person’s chapter 4 status. You must treat a Form W-8 as invalid when you know or have reason to know of a change in circumstances that affects the correctness of the form. However, you may continue to treat an FFI as having the same chapter 4 status that it had prior to the change in circumstances until the earlier of 90 days from the date of the change or the date that new documentation is obtained.

You are not considered to have reason to know of a change in circumstances if an FFI’s chapter 4 status changes solely because the jurisdiction where the FFI is resident, organized, or located is treated as having an IGA in effect or if the jurisdiction had a Model 2 IGA in effect and is later treated as having a Model 1 IGA in effect. If such change in circumstances occurs, the FFI may provide you with oral or written confirmation (including by email) of its new chapter 4 status rather than providing a new Form W-8, and you must retain a record of this confirmation.

If an FFI is resident, organized, or located in a jurisdiction that is treated as having an IGA in effect, and the jurisdiction’s status on the Treasury Department’s IGA list (located at Treasury.gov/resource-center/tax-policy/ treaties/pages/FATCA.aspx ) is later updated to indicate that it is no longer treated as having an IGA in effect, you will have reason to know of a change in circumstances with respect to the FFI’s chapter 4 status on the date that

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the jurisdiction ceases to be treated as having an IGA in effect. See Regulations section 1.1471-3(c)(6)(ii)(E)(3). If such change in circumstances occurs, the FFI may provide you with oral or written confirmation (including by email) of its new chapter 4 status rather than providing a new Form W-8, and you must retain a record of this confirmation.

Period of Validity

Generally, a Form W-8 is valid from the date signed until the last day of the third succeeding calendar year unless a change in circumstances occurs that makes any information on the form incorrect. For example, a Form W-8BEN signed on September 30, 2022, generally remains valid through December 31, 2025. However, under certain conditions, a Form W-8 will be valid indefinitely unless there has been a change in circumstances. For example, a Form W-8BEN and documentary evidence supporting an individual’s claim of foreign status (other than the portion of the form making a claim for treaty benefits) are indefinitely valid if the form and documentary evidence are provided within 30 days of each other. A Form W-8BEN-E and documentary evidence supporting an entity’s claim of foreign status (other than the portion of the form making a claim for treaty benefits) that are received by a withholding agent before the validity period of either the form or the documentary evidence would otherwise expire are indefinitely valid. A Form W-8IMY is valid indefinitely as described in this paragraph, but see Notes for Validating Form W-8IMY , later, for the validity period for a Form W-8IMY provided by a QDD. For further information on the period of validity for a Form W-8 for chapter 3 purposes, see Regulations section 1.1441-1(e)(4)(ii), and for chapter 4 purposes, see Regulations section 1.1471-3(c)(6)(ii). The validity period for a Form W-8 associated with an amount subject to withholding under section 1446(a) or an amount realized under section 1446(f) is determined under the chapter 3 requirements referenced in the preceding sentence.

Example 2. An abbreviation of a country of residence on Form W-8BEN is an inconsequential error if it is an ambiguous abbreviation and you have documentary evidence supporting the beneficial owner's country of residence. For further information about withholding certificates that contain inconsequential errors, see Regulations section 1.1441-1(b)(7)(iv) for chapter 3 purposes and Regulations section 1.1471-3(c)(7)(i) for chapter 4 purposes.

Foreign TINs If you are a U.S. office or branch of a depository institution, custodial institution, investment entity, or specified insurance company (each as defined in Regulations section 1.1471-5(e)) documenting an account holder (as defined in Regulations section 1.1471-5(a)(3)) of an account that is a financial account (as defined in Regulations section 1.1471-5(b)), you must obtain the account holder’s TIN for its jurisdiction of tax residence (FTIN) on a Form W-8 that is a beneficial owner withholding certificate in order for the form to be valid for a payment of U.S. source income reportable on Form 1042-S (as determined before the application of this requirement), unless:

• The account holder is resident of a jurisdiction that is not listed in section 3 of Rev. Proc. 2020-15, 2020-23 I.R.B. 905, which may be further updated in future published guidance;

• The account holder is resident in a jurisdiction that has been identified on the IRS's List of Jurisdictions That Do Not Issue Foreign TINs, available at IRS.gov/businesses/ corporations/list-of-jurisdictions-that-do-not-issue-foreign- tins ;

• The account holder is a government (including a controlled entity that is a foreign government under section 892), international organization, foreign central bank of issue, or resident of a U.S. territory; or

Forms Received That Are Not Dated or That Contain Inconsequential Errors or Omissions

If a Form W-8 is valid except that the person providing the form has not dated the form, you may date the form from the day you receive it and measure the validity period from that date. Generally, you may treat a withholding certificate as valid if it contains an error or omission that is inconsequential and you have sufficient documentation on file to supplement the missing information. However, a failure to establish an entity type or make a required certification is not inconsequential.

Example 1. If an entity receiving a withholdable payment selects a certified deemed-compliant FFI status on line 5 of Form W-8BEN-E but does not complete the corresponding required certifications in Part V, the form is invalid for chapter 4 purposes. On the other hand, if you receive a Form W-8 for which the person signing the form does not also print a name before the signature when required on the form, you are not required to treat the form as incomplete if you have documentation or information supporting the identity of the person signing the form.

Inst. for the Requester of Forms W-8 (Rev. June 2022) -9-

• You obtain a reasonable explanation for why the account holder has not been issued an FTIN (generally by the account holder checking an applicable box on the form).

A reasonable explanation that an account holder does not have an FTIN must address why the account holder was not issued an FTIN only to the extent provided in the instructions for the applicable Form W-8. A reasonable explanation for not providing an FTIN includes checking the applicable box signaling that you are not legally required to obtain an FTIN from your jurisdiction of residence (including if the jurisdiction does not issue FTINs). If an account holder provides an explanation other than or in furtherance of the one described in the Instructions for the applicable Form W-8, you must determine whether the explanation is reasonable. In such a case, you may accept this further (or other) explanation if it is written in the line on the form for an FTIN, in the margins of the form, or on a separate attached statement associated with the form.

You may rely on an FTIN provided on a Form W-8 unless you know or have reason to know it is incorrect. You may also accept the FTIN on a separate statement as provided in Regulations section 1.1441-1(e)(2)(ii)(B)(1).

Alternative Certifications Under an Applicable IGA If you are an FFI subject to a Model 1 or Model 2 IGA using Form W-8BEN-E or Form W-8IMY to document account holders pursuant to the due diligence requirements of Annex I of an applicable IGA, you may request alternative certifications from your account holders in accordance with the requirements of, and definitions applicable to, the IGA instead of the certifications on Form W-8BEN-E or W-8IMY. You should provide those certifications to account holders from whom you request a Form W-8BEN-E or W-8IMY, and the account holder should attach the completed certification to the Form W-8BEN-E or W-8IMY in lieu of completing a certification otherwise required. In such a case, you must provide a written statement to the account holder stating that you have provided the alternative certification to meet your due diligence requirements under an applicable IGA and you must associate the certification with the Form W-8BEN-E or W-8IMY.

If you are a withholding agent (including an FFI), you may also request and rely upon an alternative certification from an entity account holder to establish that the account holder is an NFFE (rather than a financial institution) under an applicable IGA. An entity providing such a certification will still be required, however, to provide its chapter 4 status (that is, the type of NFFE) in Part I, line 5, as determined under the regulations if you are a withholding agent other than an FFI documenting an account holder under Annex I of an applicable IGA. For example, if you are a U.S. withholding agent that receives a Form W-8BEN-E or W-8IMY from an entity account holder certifying to its status as a passive NFFE, you may request a written certification that the entity is not a financial institution as defined under the IGA applicable to the entity and document it under the regulations by obtaining the NFFE's certification of its chapter 4 status in Part I, line 5. In the case of an FFI documenting an account holder under Annex I of an applicable IGA, however, a nonprofit organization treated as an active NFFE under the Annex may provide an FFI with an alternative certification that it is an NFFE that qualifies as a nonprofit organization under an applicable IGA. In such a case, the nonprofit organization will not be required to check a box in Part I, line 5, and the FFI may treat the entity as an excepted NFFE.

If you receive an alternative certification under an applicable IGA described in the preceding paragraphs, you may rely on such certification unless you know or have reason to know the certification is incorrect.

Rules for Specific Types of Forms W-8

Form W-8BEN You should request Form W-8BEN from any foreign individual for any of the purposes described previously in these instructions. These purposes include if you are making a payment subject to chapter 3 withholding or a withholdable payment; if you are a partnership (or nominee for a PTP) documenting a partner for purposes

of section 1446(a), or are a broker or transferee documenting a transferor paid an amount realized under section 1446(f); if a payee claims foreign status for purposes of domestic information reporting and backup withholding; or if you are an FFI using this form to document an account for purposes of chapter 4.

Notes for Validating Form W-8BEN

Line 6a and 6b (Foreign TIN). If you do not obtain an FTIN on line 6a (when required) and the account holder has not checked line 6b, or provided a further (or other) explanation for why the account holder has not been issued an FTIN on a separate statement (see Foreign TINs, earlier), you must treat the form as invalid for payments of U.S. source income reportable on Form 1042-S (as determined before the application of this requirement).

Line 8 (Date of birth). If you are a U.S. office or branch of a depository institution, custodial institution, investment entity, or specified insurance company (each as defined in Regulations section 1.1471-5(e)) documenting an individual account holder (as defined in Regulations section 1.1471-5(a)(3)) of an account that is a financial account (as defined in Regulations section 1.1471-5(b)), you must obtain the individual account holder’s date of birth on the Form W-8BEN in order for the form to not be invalid for a payment of U.S. source income reportable on Form 1042-S (as determined before the application of this requirement). If the individual’s date of birth is not provided on the Form W-8BEN, the form is not invalid if you otherwise have the date of birth in your account files for the account holder or you obtain the date of birth on a written statement (including a written statement transmitted by email) from the account holder and associate the written statement with the Form W-8BEN. You may rely on the date of birth provided by an account holder unless you know or have reason to know it is incorrect.

Line 10 (Special rates and conditions). If the beneficial owner is required to explain the additional conditions in the treaty that it meets to be eligible for the rate of withholding on line 10, you may accept a brief explanation for this purpose. You may accept a treaty claim without this explanation under an interest or dividends (other than dividends subject to a preferential rate based on ownership) article of a treaty or other income article, unless such article requires additional representations.

See the Instructions for Form W-8BEN for further information for when a beneficial owner is required to complete line 10. For a beneficial owner that is claiming treaty benefits for gain or income with respect to a PTP and that is subject to section 1446, the name of each PTP to which the claim relates must be identified. If the beneficial owner receives gain or income with respect to multiple PTPs, it may attach a separate statement to the form that identifies each PTP. If the beneficial owner provides the separate statement after it has provided the Form W-8BEN, it must indicate that the statement relates to the applicable form.

-10- Inst. for the Requester of Forms W-8 (Rev. June 2022)

A beneficial owner that is taxed on a remittance basis and that is claiming treaty benefits with respect to a payment under a treaty must state this on line 10 and include the amount of income that was remitted to, and is taxable in, the treaty country. You may generally rely on the claim if you are remitting the payment to the treaty country (or you know that another withholding agent is doing so) or if you maintain the account for the claimant in the treaty country, subject to any due diligence requirements applicable to validating a claim of residency in a treaty jurisdiction (see Limitations on reason to know for certain entities , earlier). In certain cases, you may also be able to use the adjustment to overwithholding procedures in Regulations section 1.1461-2(a) to repay a beneficial owner that establishes remittance of the payment to the treaty country after you make the payment.

Form W-8BEN-E You should request Form W-8BEN-E from any foreign entity for the purposes described previously in these Instructions for Form W-8BEN or if the payee is to establish that certain income from notional principal contracts is not effectively connected with the conduct of a U.S. trade or business (for reporting on Form 1042-S). See Regulations section 1.1441-4, and Notional principal contracts reportable on Form 1042-S, later.

attached that includes all of the information required by Part II for each branch/disregarded entity and you are able to allocate each payment to each branch/disregarded entity associated with the form. See Requirements for Obtaining and Verifying a Global Intermediary Identification Number (GIIN) , earlier, for when a GIIN is required when Part II is completed.