Chapter 8.20 — Street Type Standards

Sections:

• 8.20.010 Purpose

• 8.20.020 Street Type Standards

• 8.20.030 Small Town-Scale Street Types and Intended Physical Character

• 8.20.040 Boulevard

• 8.20.050 Avenue

• 8.20.060 Commercial Street

• 8.20.070 Neighborhood Street

• 8.20.080 Road

• 8.20.090 Drive

• 8.20.100 Alley/Lane

• 8.20.110 Complete Streets

• 8.20.120 Retrofits and Transitions

Tehachapi Zoning Code | October 2014 Adopted | 8-19

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8-20 | Adopted October 2014 | Tehachapi Zoning Code

Chapter 8.20 Street Type Standards

This section of the Tehachapi Code is intended to generate new streets, or the revitalization and/or modification of existing streets, to successfully implement the Tehachapi General Plan.

Any public or private street subject to the Tehachapi Code shall be developed in compliance with the standards provided in this Chapter. The design of each new or modified street shall be based on an applicable Street Type, as identified in the General Plan and in Table 8.20.

Individual design elements shall be applied to Street Types in accordance with the Applicability Tables in Section 8.20.110 (Complete Streets)..

Applications, or portions thereof, that do not comply with the applicable requirements of this Section shall be considered inconsistent with the intent and purpose of the Tehachapi Code.

Through its configuration and design, Tehachapi’s network of public and private streets is intended to generate the public realm framework for the community’s small town-scale and physical character, as intended by the Tehachapi General Plan and described below.

Design Objectives: Tehachapi’s public and private streets - through their layout, design, detailing and operation - are intended to provide both the primary mobility network and the public space framework for Tehachapi’s sustainable, livable, pedestrian-oriented public realm. Each street - whether newly constructed or modified over time - should:

1. Support the formation of town-scale blocks, in conformance with the policies of the General Plan and the regulations of this Code.

tion to the intended urban (or rural) character of the Zone and General Plan Designation;

3. Provide and/or support appropriate, useful frontages for adjoining properties, facilitating comfortable and safe pedestrian access to buildings and properties fronting that street.

4. Contribute to Tehachapi’s small-town landscape, reinforcing and adding value to adjacent public and private development.

5. Modifications and improvements to existing established streets, and segments thereof, shall employ streetscape elements as described in Section 8.20.110 (Complete Streets) and as directed by the City Engineer, based on and related to the nature and scope of the proposed development.

6. Accommodate and appropriately balance all modes of travel - including pedestrian, bicycle, automobile and transit - in accordance with the applicable Street Type and function, and in rela-

Tehachapi Zoning Code | October 2014 Adopted | 8-21

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8-22 | Adopted October 2014 | Tehachapi Zoning Code

Chapter 8.20 Street Type Standards

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STREET TYPES TABLE 8.20
Type 1 - Boulevard (See Section 8.20.040) STREETS CHARACTERISTICS
A Thoroughfare designed for high vehicular capacity Tucker Rd - 80-100' R.O.W
(up to 35,000 VTH), and moderate to high speeds (25-45 Tehachapi -2-5 lanes
mph. Because of higher traffic speeds and volume, in- Blvd - 25-45 mph
cludes slip/frontage road for local traffic and a buffer for
- up to 35,000 ADT
adjoining sidewalks and buildings.
Type 2 - Avenue (See Section 8.20.050)
A highly landscaped thoroughfare designed for relatively Valley Blvd - 80-100' R.O.W
high vehicular capacities (up to 15,000 VTH), and low to Curry St - 2-3 lanes
moderate speeds (25-35 mph) that acts as a connector
- 25-35 mpg
between urban centers.
- up to 15,000 ADT
Type 3 - Commercial Street (See Section 8.20.060)
A Commercial thoroughfare designed for low to moder- Any number - 76-90' R.O.W
ate capacity (up to 10,000 VTH), and low speeds (15-25 of streets in - 2 Lanes
mph) providing access and convenient parking for urban Town Center - On-street Parking
centers.
- 15-25 mph
- up to 10,000 ADT
Type 4 - Neighborhood Street (See Section 8.20.070)
A local urban thoroughfare designed for low to capac- Any number - 60' R.O.W
ity (up to 5,000 VTH), and low speeds (10-25 mph) the of neighbor- - 2 lanes
accommodates a flexible range of activities and develop- hood streets - 15-25 mph
ment intensities.
- up to 5,000 ADT
Type 5 - Road (See Section 8.20.080)
A local, rural (sometimes suburban) thoroughfare; low to High Line - 60' R.O.W
moderate vehicle speeds (20-35 mph) and capacities (up Dennison - 20-35 mph
to 2,500 VT/H).
Century Rd - up to 2,500 ADT
Valley Blvd - Rural character-
Curry St istic
Type 6 - Drive (See Section 8.20.090)
A thoroughfare along the boundary between and urban- Typically for - 60' R.O.W
ized and a natural condition, usually along a body of roads edging - 2 lanes
water, a park, or a promontory. One side has the urban
parks or open - 15-25 mph
character of the thoroughfare, while the other has the
space
qualities of a road or parkway, with naturalistic plantings
and rural details.
Type 7 - Alley / Lane (See Section 8.20.100)
A vehicular way located to the rear of lots providing access - 20-28' R.O.W
to service areas, parking, and outbuildings, and containing - 1-lane
utility easements. Rear lanes/alleys may be paved lightly
- 5-10 mph
to driveway standards with the streetscape consisting of
- primarily for
gravel or landscaped edges, no raise curb, and drained by
service
percolation
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Tehachapi Zoning Code | October 2014 Adopted | 8-23

Chapter 7.10 Thoroughfare Standards

Type 1- Boulevard

A. Tehachapi Blvd- 84' R.O.W

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H F G E D E G F H
C B C
A
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A. Description and Intent

A Thoroughfare designed for high vehicular capacity (up to 35,000 VTH), and moderate to high speeds (25-45 mph. Because of higher traffic speeds and volume, includes slip/frontage road for local traffic and a buffer for adjoining sidewalks and buildings.

[1] If vehicular lane is directly adjacent sidewalk, 12' minimum lane width is required.

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Intended Character
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1. Public Right-of-Way (R.O.W)

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A Right-of-Way 88-100'
B Curb-to-Curb 60'
C Public Frontage 12'; See Section 8.20.110
2. Curb-to-Curb
4 (2 each way); 11'-12' lane width
D Vehicular Lanes
[1]
Median none
Bicycle Facilities where occurs; see Section 8.20.110
Bicycle Buffer where occurs; see Section 8.20.110
E Parking Facilities Parallel, both sides, 7'-8'
3. Public Frontage
F Sidewalk 10'-12'
G Planter(s) Tree wells, 5'x5' minimum
See Section 4.40.040 (Approved
Landscaping
Plant List)
Lighting See Section 4.40.090
Drainage Type(s) Curb & gutter
4. Private Frontage
H Frontage Type(s) See Section 5.20.050
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8-24 | Adopted October 2014 | Tehachapi Zoning Code

Chapter 8.20 Street Type Standards

BOULEVARD STANDARDS 8.20.040

Type 1. Boulevard

B. Typical Blvd - 90'-100' R.O.W

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J I H G F D E D G F H I J
C B C
A
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A. Description and Intent

A Thoroughfare designed for high vehicular capacity (up to 35,000 VTH), and moderate to high speeds (25-45 mph. Because of higher traffic speeds and volume, includes slip/frontage road for local traffic and a buffer for adjoining sidewalks and buildings.

[1] If vehicular lane is directly adjacent sidewalk, 12' minimum lane width is required.

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Intended Character
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1. Public Right-of-Way (R.O.W)

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A Right-of-Way 90'-100'
B Curb-to-Curb 70'-86'
C Public Frontage 10-20'; See Section 8.20.110
2. Curb-to-Curb
D Vehicular Lanes 4 (2 each way); 10-12' lane width [1]
12'-16', raised, with left-turn
E Median
pockets
F Bicycle Facilities where occurs; see Section 8.20.110
G Bicycle Buffer where occurs; see Section 8.20.110
may occur in place of bicycle
Parking Facilities
facilities
3. Public Frontage
H Sidewalk 6'-8'
Parkway or landscape setback;
I Planter(s)
6'-14'
See Section 4.40.040 (Approved
Landscaping
Plant List)
Lighting See Section 4.40.090
Drainage Type(s) Curb & gutter
4. Private Frontage
J Frontage Type(s) See Section 5.20.050
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Tehachapi Zoning Code | October 2014 Adopted | 8-25

Chapter 8.20 Street Type Standards

Type 2. Avenue

A. Typical Avenue - 80'-100' R.O.W

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I G H F D E D F H G I
C B C
A
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A. Description and Intent

A highly landscaped thoroughfare designed for relatively high vehicular capacities (up to 15,000 VTH), and low to moderate speeds (25-35 mph) that acts as a connector between urban centers.

[1] If vehicular lane is directly adjacent sidewalk, 12' minimum lane width is required.

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Intended Character
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1. Public Right-of-Way (R.O.W)

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A Right-of-Way 80-100'
B Curb-to-Curb 50-60'
C Public Frontage 10-20'; see Section 8.20.110
2. Curb-to-Curb
D Vehicular Lanes 2 (1 each way); 10'-12' lane width [1]
E Median Planted; 10'-20'
Bicycle Facilities where occurs; see Section 8.20.110
Bicycle Buffer where occurs; see Section 8.20.110
F Parking Facilities Parallel, both sides, 7'-8'
3. Public Frontage
G Sidewalk 6'-8'
H Planter(s) Parkway; 6'-8'; wider than sidewalk
See Section 4.40.040 (Approved
Landscaping
Plant List)
Lighting See Section 4.40.090
Drainage Type(s) Curb & gutter
4. Private Frontage
I Frontage Type(s) See Section 5.20.050
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8-26 | Adopted October 2014 | Tehachapi Zoning Code

Chapter 8.20 Street Type Standards

COMMERCIAL STREET STANDARDS 8.20.060

Type 3. Commercial Street

A. Typical Commercial Street- 76'-90' R.O.W

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H F G E D E G F H
C B C
A
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A. Description and Intent

A Commercial thoroughfare designed for low to moderate capacity (up to 10,000 VTH), and low speeds (15-25 mph) providing access and convenient parking for urban centers.

This type could correspond with any number of streets in the town center.

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Intended Character
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1. Public Right-of-Way (R.O.W)

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A Right-of-Way 76'-90'
B Curb-to-Curb 48'-60'
C Public Frontage 14-16'; see Section 8.20.110
2. Curb-to-Curb
D Vehicular Lanes 2 (1 each way); 10-12' lane width
Median none
Bicycle Facilities where occurs; see Section 8.20.110
Bicycle Buffer where occurs; see Section 8.20.110
E Parking Facilities Parallel, Diagonal, or Mixed; 7'-18'
3. Public Frontage
F Sidewalk 12'-16'
G Planter(s) Tree wells, 5'x5' minimum
See Section 4.40.040 (Approved
Landscaping
Plant List)
Lighting See Section 4.40.090
Drainage Type(s) Curb & gutter
4. Private Frontage
H Frontage Type(s) See Section 5.20.050
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Tehachapi Zoning Code | October 2014 Adopted |

8-27

Chapter 8.20 Street Type Standards

Type 4. Neighborhood Street

A. Typical Neighborhood Street- 60' R.O.W

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H F G E D E G F H
C B C
A
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A. Description and Intent

A local urban thoroughfare designed for low to capacity (up to 5,000 VTH), and low speeds (10-25 mph) the accommodates a flexible range of activities and development intensities.

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Intended Character
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1. Public Right-of-Way (R.O.W)

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A Right-of-Way 60'
B Curb-to-Curb 34'-36'
C Public Frontage 12-14'; see Section 8.20.110
2. Curb-to-Curb
D Vehicular Lanes 2 (1 each way); 10-11' lane width
Median none
Bicycle Facilities where occurs; see Section 8.20.110
Bicycle Buffer none
E Parking Facilities Parallel, both sides, 7'-8'
3. Public Frontage
F Sidewalk 6'-8'
G Planter(s) Parkway; 6'-8'; wider than sidewalk
See Section 4.40.040 (Approved
Landscaping
Plant List)
Lighting See Section 4.40.090
Drainage Type(s) Curb & gutter
4. Private Frontage
H Frontage Type(s) See Section 5.20.050
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8-28 | Adopted October 2014 | Tehachapi Zoning Code

Chapter 8.20 Street Type Standards

ROAD STANDARDS 8.20.080

Type 5. Road

A. Typical Rural Road - 60' R.O.W

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G F E D E F G
C B C
A
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A. Description and Intent

A local, rural (sometimes suburban) thoroughfare; low to moderate vehicle speeds (20-35 mph) and capacities (up to 2,500 VT/H).

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Intended Character
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1. Public Right-of-Way (R.O.W)

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A Right-of-Way 60'
Rolled curb, 20'-24' pavement
B Curb-to-Curb
width
C Public Frontage 18-20'; see Section 8.20.110
2. Curb-to-Curb
D Vehicular Lanes 2 (1 each way); 10'-12' lane width
Median none
Bicycle Facilities where occurs; see Section 8.20.110
Bicycle Buffer none
E Parking Facilities Parkable gravel shoulder; 7'-8'
3. Public Frontage
Sidewalk none
Planter(s) none
See Section 4.40.040 (Approved
Landscaping
Plant List)
Lighting See Section 4.40.090
F Drainage Type(s) Rolled curb, and natural ditch
4. Private Frontage
G Frontage Type(s) See Section 5.20.050
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Tehachapi Zoning Code | October 2014 Adopted | 8-29

Chapter 8.20 Street Type Standards

Type 6. Drive

A. Typical Edge Drive - 60' R.O.W

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I H E D E F I
C B C
A
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A. Description and Intent

A thoroughfare along the boundary between and urbanized and a natural condition, usually along a body of water, a park, or a promontory. One side has the urban character of the thoroughfare, while the other has the qualities of a road or parkway, with naturalistic plantings and rural details.

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Intended Character
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1. Public Right-of-Way (R.O.W)

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A Right-of-Way 60'
B Curb-to-Curb 28'-30' paved width;
C Public Frontage 10'-20'; see Section 8.20.110
2. Curb-to-Curb
D Vehicular Lanes 2 (1 each way); 10'-12' lane width
Median none
Bicycle Facilities where occurs; see Section 8.20.110
Bicycle Buffer none
E Parking Facilities Parallel Parking one side; 7'-8';
3. Public Frontage
F Sidewalk One-side; 6'-8'
G Planter(s) Parkway, one-side; 6'-8'
See Section 4.40.040 (Approved
Landscaping
Plant List)
Lighting See Section 4.40.090
Rolled curb, and natural ditch, one
H Drainage Type(s)
side
4. Private Frontage
I Frontage Type(s) See Section 5.20.050
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8-30 | Adopted October 2014 | Tehachapi Zoning Code

Chapter 8.20 Street Type Standards

ALLEY/LANE STANDARDS 8.20.100

Type 7a. Service Alley

A. Typical Service Alley - 20'-30' R.O.W

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G E D F G
C B C
A
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A. Description and Intent

A vehicular way located to the rear of lots providing access to service areas, parking, and outbuildings, and containing utility easements. Rear lanes/alleys may be paved lightly to driveway standards with the streetscape consisting of gravel or landscaped edges, no raise curb, and drained by percolation

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Intended Character
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1. Public Right-of-Way (R.O.W)

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A Right-of-Way 20'-30'
B Paved-width 16'-20'
C Public Frontage 5' min; see Section 8.20.110
2. Curb-to-Curb
D Vehicular Lanes single shared lane; 16'-20'
Median none
Bicycle Facilities none
Bicycle Buffer none
E Parking Facilities Where occurs, parkable apron; 7'-8'
3. Public Frontage
Sidewalk none
Planter(s) none
See Section 4.40.040 (Approved
F Landscaping
Plant List)
Lighting See Section 4.40.090
F Drainage Type(s) Rolled curb & permeable apron
4. Private Frontage
G Frontage Type(s) See Section 5.20.050
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Tehachapi Zoning Code | October 2014 Adopted | 8-31

Chapter 8.20 Street Type Standards

Type 7b. Residential Lane

B. Typical Residential Lane - 20'-30' R.O.W

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G E D F G
C B C
A
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A. Description and Intent

A vehicular way located to the rear of lots providing access to service areas, parking, and outbuildings, and containing utility easements. Rear lanes/alleys may be paved lightly to driveway standards with the streetscape consisting of gravel or landscaped edges, no raise curb, and drained by percolation

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Intended Character
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1. Public Right-of-Way (R.O.W)

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A Right-of-Way 20'-30'
B Paved-width 16'-20'
C Public Frontage 5' min; see Section 8.20.110
2. Curb-to-Curb
D Vehicular Lanes single shared lane; 16'-20'
Median none
Bicycle Facilities none
Bicycle Buffer none
Where occurs, parkable apron;
F Parking Facilities
7'-18'
3. Public Frontage
Sidewalk none
Planter(s) none
See Section 4.40.040 (Approved
Landscaping
Plant List)
Lighting See Section 4.40.090
Rolled curb & permeable gravel
E Drainage Type(s)
apron
4. Private Frontage
F Frontage Type(s) See Section 5.20.050
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8-32 | Adopted October 2014 | Tehachapi Zoning Code

Chapter 8.20 Street Type Standards

COMPLETE STREETS 8.20.110

A. Complete Streets

Tehachapi's complete streets are conceived and designed as public places for community life, not just as thoroughfares for automobile traffic. This is accomplished by systematically combining streetscape elements - in addition to the usual vehicular lanes and minimal sidewalks - in ways that make the streets convenient, safe and comfortable for pedestrians and bicyclists.

The design of all streets should be consistent by the Street Types as defined above, which are typological and define the general configuration, scale, character and function for each new or modified street.

The guidelines in this section illustrate a palette of complete streets components for Tehachapi's full range of contexts (transect zones), providing additional guidance for the development of site-specific final designs for each new or modified street. These components are organized into 4 basic categories - introduced below and described in additional detail on the following pages - and correlated to the Street Types, above.

1. Pedestrian Facilities: Most streets have sidewalks in some form, but they are often too narrow for couples or families to navigate comfortably, too close to traffic without any buffering elements between the pedestrians and the moving cars, and often lack shade. Crosswalks on busy streets are often quite long, poorly marked, and widely spaced.

These guidelines illustrate recommendations for high quality pedestrian facilities in a range of contexts, from larger busier avenues to smaller quieter neighborhood streets, and from mixed-use downtown environments to rural, edge of town environments.

2. Bicycle Facilities: As with pedestrian facilities, the goal for bicycle facilities is the comfort and safety of bicyclists who are sharing the street with cars. A range of types of bicycle facilities are illustrated, from buffered cycle tracks for the busiest boulevards and avenues, to painted bike lanes on large streets and small avenues, to shared lanes on quieter neighborhood streets and roads where vehicular volumes and speeds are low.

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A beautiful complete street

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A beautiful sidewalk

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A great bike lane

Tehachapi Zoning Code | October 2014 Adopted |

8-33

Chapter 8.20 Street Type Standards

3. Landscape: Landscape is a pervasive and integral element of Tehachapi's small mountain town environment. And trees are the primary landscape element contributing to its streetscapes, providing shade, wind protection, spatial enclosure, softness and character to each street and each neighborhood.

Trees - and the planters within which they are inserted into streetscapes - can also perform a range of additional useful functions, including buffering pedestrians and bicyclists from traffic and providing opportunities for stormwater management. These guidelines illustrate a range of types of planters that perform such functions in a range of contexts.

4. On-Street Parking: In American towns - where driving is inevitably the dominant mode of transportation by which most visitors arrive in a neighborhood or district - convenient curbside parking enables those arriving by car as well as those arriving on foot or by bicycle to all approach the residence or the business from the street. This in turn helps to ensure that buildings and the daily activities in them will be oriented to the street, which in turn improves the appearance and the safety of the public realm, further enhancing the quality of experience for pedestrians and bicyclists and encouraging the use of these active transportation modes.

On-street parking also provides another buffer element between pedestrians and moving traffic, and helps to reduce the amount of each lot that must be devoted to parking, A number of possible on-street parking configurations are illustrated for a range of street types and contexts.

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Beautiful street trees

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Nice on-street parking

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Perhaps a lovely rural road?

8-34 | Adopted October 2014 | Tehachapi Zoning Code

Chapter 8.20 Street Type Standards

COMPLETE STREETS 8.20.110

B. Pedestrian Facilities

All street types should facilitate safe and efficient pedestrian circulation. These facilities can be organized into the following categories, some or all of which may be applicable, based on street type and function:

1. Sidewalks: In general, all street types should incorporate sidewalks on both sides. In specific conditions, such as edge drives and rural roads, limiting sidewalks or an alternative pedestrian circulation facility to one side may be appropriate. Sidewalks are organized into three categories:

• a) Commercial Sidewalk: In urban and/or commercial environments, wider paved sidewalks may be necessary to accommodate additional sidewalk uses, such as displays, signage, or outdoor dining. Commercial sidewalks typically include landscape planters, or tree grates.

• b) Neighborhood Sidewalks: Are typically 5-6' wide, separated from the street by a landscaped parkway., and are provided on at least one side of all neighborhood streets. In some contexts a path, or trail may take the place of a paved sidewalk, particularly in more rural neighborhoods.

• b) Rural Shoulder: On rural roads, pedestrian circulation may be accommodated by a paved, or gravel shoulder.

2. Crosswalks: Crosswalks should typically be provided at all intersections and mid-block crossings. Crosswalks should be visually prominent, and may be painted, textured, or constructed of a different material from the street.

3. Bulb-outs and Mid-Block Crossings: Bulb-outs at intersections and mid-block crossings physically and visually narrow the street, decreasing pedestrian crossing times, and calming traffic. They also efficiently accommodate ADA ramping, and provide additional planters for street trees and streetscape landscaping.

Illustrative examples of Pedestrian Facilities

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Sidewalks

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Crosswalks

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Bulb-outs & Mid-Block Crossings

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Boule-
APPLICABILITY vard Avenue Commercial St Neighorhood St Road Alley Drive
1. Sidewalks
a. Commercial -- -- --
b. Neighborhood -- --
c. Shoulder -- -- --
2. Crosswalks
-- -- --
3. Bulb-Outs and Mid-Block Crossings
Common Uncommon -- Not Recommended
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Tehachapi Zoning Code | October 2014 Adopted | 8-35

Chapter 8.20 Street Type Standards

1. SIDEWALKS

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Commercial Sidewalks: Sidewalks in commercial settings are multi-functional; in addition to facilitating pedestrian circulation, they are also places for dining, shopping, sitting etc... Commercial sidewalks typically combine a variety of materials, furnishings and landscape elements into a unified streetscape design..

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Neighborhood Sidewalks: Pedestrian circulation in neighborhood can be accommodated in a variety of ways, based on the overall neighborhood design. However, sidewalks should be typically be provided on both sides of the street, should be at least 5-6' in width, and should be continuous and level - free of driveway cuts - and comply with ADA standards.

Rural Shoulders: On rural roads, pedestrian circulation is typically accommodated on paved or gravel shoulders, but, where possible, walking, biking, or multi-use trails are recommended.

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8-36 | Adopted October 2014 | Tehachapi Zoning Code

Chapter 8.20 Street Type Standards

COMPLETE STREETS 8.20.110

2. CROSSWALKS

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Cost-Effective Designs: As an alternative to brick/paver constructed sidewalks, a variety of more cost effective techniques may be applied, such as stenciled painted patterns, or "pressed" patterns in existing street asphalt, as illustrated above.

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Unique Designs: In specific "districts", creative designs may be applied to incorporate crosswalk designs into the character or branding of the district. Far Left: "Hop-scotch" pattern incorporated into crosswalk adds a playful element to the streetscape design. Left: Piano keyboard pattern on a sidewalk in a music/arts district.

Pedestrian Scramble: At busy intersections, particularly on commercial streets, pedestrian scrambles allow pedestrian crossing in all directions (including diagonally) at set intervals in the intersection traffic flow sequence. In addition to allowing pedestrians to circulate more directly to their intended destinations, pedestrian scrambles actually increase traffic flow efficiency at intersections, preventing pedestrians from crossing in front of vehicles and thus increasing the number of cars that can turn left and right per intersection cycle.

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Tehachapi Zoning Code | October 2014 Adopted | 8-37

Chapter 8.20 Street Type Standards

3. BULB-OUTS AND MID-BLOCK CROSSINGS

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Pedestrian Safety and Accessibility: In addition to reducing pedestrian crossing times by narrowing the street width, bulb-outs at corners and mid-bloc crossings also provide pedestrian refuge areas, and effectively accommodate ADA ramping.

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Planters and Street furnishing: Bulb-outs create additional sidewalk and/or planter space, that can be taken advantage of with elements such as planters, rain gardens, and/or street furnishings such as benches, trash receptacles, bike racks, etc.

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Mid-Block Crossings: Particularly on busy streets, for blocks longer than 300', mid-block crossings should be provided to facilitate safe-pedestrian crossing. Where possible, medians provide protected pedestrian refuges for safer crossing.

8-38 | Adopted October 2014 | Tehachapi Zoning Code

Chapter 8.20 Street Type Standards

COMPLETE STREETS 8.20.110

C. Bicycle Facilities

All Tehachapi street types are designed to accommodate multi-modal travel, of which bicycle travel is an important part. For streets with high traffic volumes and/or vehicular speeds - where shared vehicular and bicycle lanes would be unsafe or unpleasant for cyclists - separated bicycle facilities may be required. Bicycle facilities are organized into the categories below, generally illustrative of the National Association of City Transportation Officials (NACTO) standards. For additional design information and standards for bicycle facilities, consult the NACTO standards (www.nacto.org).

1. Class I Facilities:

• a) Class I Bike Trail: An off-street, dedicated bike- or multi-use trail. Class I Trails are typically used in rural settings and/or for travel through large open spaces, such as parks, greenways, or nature preserves, and provide a safe alternative to vehicular roadways for cyclists.

• b). Class I Cycle Track: An on-street, dedicated bicycle lane that is physically separated from vehicular traffic lanes by buffers or barriers. Cycle tracks are typically utilized on high-volume, arterial streets with rights-of-way large enough to absorb the additional width of the bicycle lane and buffer. Typical cycle track lanes are 6'-8' per lane, and may be oneor two-way.

2. Class II Bike Lane: An on-street, dedicated bike lane, 6-8' in width, striped or painted with a color and/ or texture visibly different from travel lanes. Where right-of-way permits, a 2-3’ buffer on either side of lane provides adequate space for drivers to enter/exit parked cars, increasing overall safety.

3. Class III Shared Lane: A shared automobile/bicycle lane that often includes bicycle “sharrows,” indicating a shared lane. Shared lanes should also be paired with "Bike Route" signage..

Illustrative examples of Bicycle Facility Types:

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Class I Facilities - Dedicated Bike Trail

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Class II Bike Lanes

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Class III Shared Lanes

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----- Start of picture text -----
APPLICABILITY Boulevard Avenue Commercial St Neighorhood St Road Alley Drive
1. Class I Bike Trail -- -- --
2. Class 1 Cycle track -- -- -- --
3. Class II Bike Lane -- --
4. Class III Shared Lanes
Common Uncommon -- Not Recommended
----- End of picture text -----

Tehachapi Zoning Code | October 2014 Adopted |

8-39

Chapter 8.20 Street Type Standards

1. CLASS I BICYCLE FACILITIES

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Cycle Track Buffers: Class I Cycle tracks may be buffered from street traffic in a variety of ways, including medians, planters, bollards, on-street parking, or combinations of elements.

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Class I Cycle tracks buffered with a modular traffic wall.

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Off-Street Facilities: Class I off-street bicycle trail between an alley of street trees. Class I trails are typically two-way, striped with a centerline, and include signage for user safety.

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Class I Intersection Design: Special attention must be given to potential conflict points between cyclists and rightturning motorists. Cycle track lanes should be protected by corner bulb-outs, shown in the images above, such that right-turning cars make a wider right turn. Bicycles cross intersections at sides of pedestrian crosswalks.

8-40 | Adopted October 2014 | Tehachapi Zoning Code

Chapter 8.20 Street Type Standards

COMPLETE STREETS 8.20.110

2. CLASS II BICYCLE FACILITIES

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Marking/Striping: Class II Bike lanes are clearly marked but not physically buffered. In addition to striping and bikelane symbols, bike lanes that are painted or textured more clearly differentiate them from traffic lanes, and increase bicyclist safety.

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Class II Intersection Design: Painted bike lanes / markings should continue into the intersection. Additionally, bicycles may be given a “refuge” in front of stopped vehicles, giving cyclists first right-of-travel through intersections. This intersection design may be applied to Class III situations as well.

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Caution: bike lanes directly adjacent on-street parking, without a striped buffer creates potential conflict points between cyclists and motorists entering/exiting parked cars (red zone above). Where possible, a 2-3' buffer is recommended to account for door swing of parked cars.

Rural Roads: Paved shoulders on rural roads can easily be converted to Class II bike lanes, with striping and signage.

Tehachapi Zoning Code | October 2014 Adopted |

8-41

Chapter 8.20 Street Type Standards

3. CLASS III BICYCLE FACILITIES

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Markings/Signage: Class III shared lanes are typically marked by bicycle "sharrows" in addition to signage, indicating that a street, or network of streets is part of a "bike route" and that motorists should be aware of cyclists sharing

the road.

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Neighborhood Streets: Typically low-speed low traffic volume neighborhood streets do not require any special classification or markings, and cars and bikes can safely share the road. On neighborhood streets with higher traffic volumes or speeds, "sharrow" symbols and additional signage may be necessary. .

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Intersections and Class III Facilities: At intersections and potential conflict points (on/offramps, forks, etc...) additional marking may be desirable. "Bike Boxes" at intersections on high bicycle-volume streets are recommended for Class III shared lanes as well as Class I and Class II facilities.

8-42 | Adopted October 2014 | Tehachapi Zoning Code

Chapter 8.20 Street Type Standards

COMPLETE STREETS 8.20.110

D. Landscape

In general, all street types are designed to incorporate street trees and/or landscape elements. Based on the type and function of the street, the following planter types may apply:

1. Planters and Tree Grates: Planters are typically provided on urban and/or commercial streets, where wide sidewalk space is desirable. Planters should have a minimum dimension of 4'x 4', and may be grated to provide additional continuous sidewalk space.

2. Continuous Parkway/Planter: Typically applied to neighborhood streets, parkways are landscaped areas that buffer the sidewalk from the street, and may accommodate in addition to street trees, a variety of landscape elements. Drought-tolerant alternatives to traditional turf landscaping are encouraged in drought-sensitive climates. Additionally, the following variations to traditional parkways may be appropriate:

• a) Rain Garden with curb-cuts: Where possible, drainage channels may be cut into street curb face to allow street run-off wastewater to flow into streetside gardens, providing biofiltration, and slowing runoff into the sewer systems.

• b) Flex Planter: Parkways fronting work/live, retail or commercial uses may be hardscaped to provide additional sidewalk width for a variety of approved uses.

3. In-Street Planters:

• a) Parking Lane Planters: On streets with narrow rightsof-way and/or narrow sidewalks – or sidewalks directly adjacent the curb – planters may be constructed within parking lanes between parked cars. In addition to visually narrowing the street with street trees, parking-lane planters may assist with street drainage through biofiltration.

• b) Medians: On streets with large rights-of-way, center medians may be provided to additionally enhance the landscape character of the street, accommodate left-turn pockets, and provide pedestrian refuges in crosswalks at intersection and mid-block crossings.

Illustrative examples of Planter Types:

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In-Sidewalk Planters

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Continuous Parkways

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In-Street Planter Bulb-outs

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----- Start of picture text -----
APPLICABILITY Boulevard Avenue Commercial St Neighorhood St Road Alley Drive
1. Planters & Tree Grates -- -- -- --
2. Continous Parkways -- -- --
3. In-Street Planters -- --
a. Parking Lane Plant- -- --
ers
b. Medians -- --
Common Uncommon -- Not Recommended
----- End of picture text -----

Tehachapi Zoning Code | October 2014 Adopted | 8-43

Chapter 8.20 Street Type Standards

1. PLANTERS AND TREE GRATES

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Planter Types: A variety of planter types can be applied based on the type of street they are serving. Planters should accommodate street trees and native landscaping, should be elegantly designed and incorporated into the overall streetscape design.

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Planters and Street Furnishing (Above): A creative variation of a covered planter, creating additional sidewalk seating.

Rain Gardens and Bioretention: (Right): Drainage channels may be cut into street curbface to allow street run-off water to drain into curbside rain gardens, providing biofiltration and wastewater management.

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8-44 | Adopted October 2014 | Tehachapi Zoning Code

Chapter 8.20 Street Type Standards

COMPLETE STREETS 8.20.110

2 - CONTINUOUS PARKWAY / PLANTER

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Parkways: Parkways may be landscaped in a variety of ways, and turf-alternatives, such as decomposed granite, mulch, and hardscape, are recommended for drought-sensitive areas.

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Flex Planter: For streets lined with a mixture of office, retail, and residential - or where individual owners may benefit from an enlarged continuous sidewalk in front of their home or business, parkways may be filled in with permeable pavers to increase the usable sidewalk space.

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Rain Gardens and Bioswales: On streets with rolled-curbs, no curbs, or drainage channels cut into the street curbface, bioswales, rain gardens, and ditches may take the place of a traditional raised parkway, providing biofiltration of street water runoff.

Tehachapi Zoning Code | October 2014 Adopted |

8-45

Chapter 8.20 Street Type Standards

3. IN-STREET PLANTERS

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Parking Lane Planters: Parking lane planters accomodate street trees on streets with existing sidewalks that are either directly adjacent the street curb, or are too narrow to accommodates planters or parkways. They additionally can visually narrow wide streets and calm traffic. Planters are spaced away from the street, so that drainage gutters are unimpeded, and may additionally, be "open-backed" - allowing street water runoff to seep into planters. In more urban settings, bulb-out planters may be grated to reduce maintenance of planter landscaping.

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Medians: Medians may be designed and landscaped in a variety of ways, including rain gardens, bioswales, hardscape, turf, and/or street trees. Where possible, medians should be wide enough to accommodate leftturn pockets, and should provide pedestrian refuges at intersections and mid-block crossings.

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Corner bulb-out planter with street drainage maintained.

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Corner bulb-out planter accommodates ADA ramping, without disrupting the continuous sidewalk grade

8-46 | Adopted October 2014 | Tehachapi Zoning Code

Chapter 8.20 Street Type Standards

COMPLETE STREETS 8.20.110

D. On Street Parking

On-street parking is generally recommended on all streets, providing convenient visitor and customer access to each property directly from the street and thus unifying access patterns for users of all transportation modes. In addition to providing valuable and convenient visitor parking, on-street parking also creates a welcome buffer between street traffic and sidewalks, and help addition to calming traffic speeds by moderating the perceived street width. On-street parking generally occurs in the following forms:

1. Parallel Parking: Is the most common and versatile type of street parking, and may be provided on any of the recommended street types. Where street Right-of-Way is limited and/or existing sidewalks are narrow, in-street planters may be located in the parking lane between parking stalls. Typical stall dimensions are 22-24' in length.

2. Diagonal Parking: Is most typically used in commercial environments, though in some cases may be appropriate for residential streets with wide existing street right's-of-way, where higher parking volumes may be needed.

• a) Head-in: Is the most traditional application, with minimal maneuvering required to access open stalls. Stalls are typically oriented at a 45-60 degree angle and may overlap the curb by 2 to 3 feet.

• b) Back-in: Offers easier maneuvering into open stalls than parallel parking, and significantly improves driver visibility and awareness of oncoming cyclists and vehicles when exiting the stall. Additionally, open car doors, provide a natural barrier to help keep small children exiting parked vehicles from running into the street..

3. Parkable Shoulder/Apron: In rural conditions with no curbs or rolled curb such, parking may be accommodated on a paved, or gravel shoulder.

Illustrative examples of Street Parking Types:

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Parallel Parking on a commercial street

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Diagonal parking provides ample convenient parking for shops and restaurants on a commercial street

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Mixed-Parking is accommodated by a wide gravel shoulder of a rural road.

Tehachapi Zoning Code | October 2014 Adopted |

8-47

Chapter 8.20 Street Type Standards

1. PARALLEL PARKING

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In-Street Planters: Tree planters are incorporated into parallel parking lane, providing shade for pedestrians and parked cars, and providing a wider sidewalk for outdoor dining for local restaurants.

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Permeable Materials: Permeable materials such as pavers, decomposed granite, or gravel can be applied to parking lanes in a variety of settings, urban and rural. .

2. BACK-IN DIAGONAL PARKING

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Back-in Diagonal Parking and Bicyclist Safety:

Back-in diagonal parking should be favored over head-in whenever bicycle lanes are present, as this orientation greatly improves cyclist safety. Drivers and cyclists are able to make direct eye-contact resulting in drastically reduced automobile/bicycle collisions. Additionally, drivers are able to efficiently re-enter traffic, and parking is simpler than in parallel parking situations, as less maneuvering is required..

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Cyclist makes direct eye contact with parked driver

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Diagram illustrating increased driver visibility of on-coming cylists.

8-48 | Adopted October 2014 | Tehachapi Zoning Code

Chapter 8.20 Street Type Standards

RETROFITS AND TRANSITIONS 8.20.120

A. Retrofits

As of the preparation of this Code in 2014, most of Tehachapi’s existing streets do not conform in one or more ways with the Street Types and designs presented here. It is not expected that the City will undertake any wholesale effort to bring those existing streets into conformance with these standards. Rather, it is intended that as new major private development projects occur - and as public funding for high-priority streetscape improvements becomes available - the City will undertake incremental improvements to specific segments of selected streets.

The scope and design of such improvements will be determined by the City Engineer, in consultation with other City departments, City officials, and affected and interested residents, businesses, property owners and developers. Such decisions will be reached through the normal course of planning and design review for new development or redevelopment projects, and through the course of ongoing planning and budgeting for capital improvement projects.

1. Public Frontage Improvements: In general - as determined by the City Engineer - a developer or property owner will be required to construct or reconstruct sidewalks, tree planters and on-street parking facilities along the development project street frontages. In some cases such improvements may also include new medians, crosswalks and/or similar improvements to the opposite frontage of the affected streets.

e Improvements: In general - as determined by the City Engineer - a developer or property owner will be required to construct or reconstruct sidewalks, tree planters and on-street parking facilities along the development project street frontages. In some cases such improvements may also include new medians, crosswalks and/or similar improvements to the opposite frontage of the affected streets.

• 1I. Other Improvements: When so determined by the City Engineer, a developer may be required to construct or reconstruct vehicular and/or bicycle lanes, traffic controls, or off-street bicycle facilities.

• 1II. Privately Initiated Improvements: A property owner or association of property owners may request that the City initiate such improvements, for the general benefit of the community and the benefit of the property owner(s). Examples of such improvements could include enhanced on-street parking, or enhanced pedestrian, bicycle or landscape improvements with a business district or neighborhood. The City will work with property owner(s) to identify appropriate designs and funding mechanisms for such improvements.

• 1V. Publicly Initiated Improvements: From time to time, as funds are available, the City will design and construct improvements to selected segments of selected streets.

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On street parking can be added to existing streets in a variety of ways to change the character of the street. Pictured here, an existing wide, high speed street is transformed dramatically by the addition of diagonal on-street parking in the middle of the street.

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Existing streets can be retrofitted to accommodate
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bicycle facilities in a variety of ways, temporary, transitional, or permanent. Pictured here, a cycle track is added to an existing busy street by adding movable planters and "K-rails" as temporary physical barriers.

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As needed existing streets can be retrofitted with new sidewalks or widened existing sidewalks. Pictured here, an existing sidewalk is widened to accommodate new street tree planters.

Tehachapi Zoning Code | October 2014 Adopted | 8-49

Chapter 8.20 Street Type Standards

B. Transitions

In many cases, newly constructed or retrofitted street segments conforming to these Street Standards will intersect or abut older segments that do not meet the current standards. Such older segments may have a wider or narrower overall right-of-way, in many instances may have a wider pavement and narrower sidewalks, or may lack street tree planters, on-street parking, or bicycle facilities.

In such cases, the City Engineer will determine what type of transition is most appropriate to join the lanes and sidewalks of the new segment with those of the old, balancing considerations including function, appearance, construction cost, with a primary focus on safety. Transitions - by way of example, but not limiting the range of possibilities - may include:

1. Permanently constructed tapers, utilizing concrete curbs, gutters, sidewalks and other elements.

2. Interim tapers utilizing pavement striping, temporary barriers, relocatable planters and similar devices.

3. Extension of selected elements of the new segment into the old segment. For example, requiring that pavement striping for bike lanes or on-street parking be extended for a specified distance while not requiring reconstruction of curbs, drainage or sidewalks.

4. Partial improvement of a transitional segment, with a requirement for future additional improvements, based on considerations of construction phasing, financing or other factors.

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Avoid: poor transitions create incomplete circulation networks, and problematic streetscape design.

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Avoid: a poor transition re-integrating a Class II bicycle lane back into a traffic lane - with no poor markings and no signage - endangers potential cyclists.

8-50 | Adopted October 2014 | Tehachapi Zoning Code