Rialto Municipal Code Ch. 4.01 Mobile Home Rent Review

Footnotes:

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Editor's note— Ord. No. 1699, § 9, adopted March 11, 2025, amended the title of Ch. 4.01 to read as herein set out. The former Ch. 4.01 title pertained to mobile home rent review commission.

Prior history: Ords. 809, 818, 852, 895, 904, 924, 1006, 1079 and 1164.

A. Mobile home owners have a substantial investment in their residences and appurtenances for which space is rented or leased. Alternate sites for relocation of mobile homes are difficult to find due to the shortage of vacant spaces, the restrictions of age, size or style of mobile homes permitted in many parks, and related to the installation of mobile homes, including permits, landscaping and site preparations. Additionally, the cost of moving a mobile home is substantial, and the risk of damage is significant.

The result of these conditions is the creation of a captive market of mobile home owners. This immobility, in turn, contributes to the creation of a great imbalance in the bargaining relationship between park owners and mobile home owners in favor of the park owners.

B. Because mobile homes are often occupied by senior citizens, persons on fixed income and persons of low or moderate income, exorbitant rent increases fall upon these individuals with particular harshness. Further, existing state law permits mobile home park owners to require mobile home owners to make modifications to their homes for reasons of aesthetics or conformity to park standards that amount to capital improvements which would accrue to the benefit of the park owner by potentially increasing the market value of the park itself.

C. This council finds and declares its necessity to facilitate and encourage fair bargaining between mobile home owners and park owners in order to achieve mutually satisfactory agreements regarding space rental rates in mobile home parks. Absent such agreements, this council further finds and declares it necessary to protect the owners and residents of mobile homes from unreasonable space rental increases while simultaneously recognizing and providing for a method by which park owners can receive reasonable rental increases.

D. The city council has determined that park owners are not providing homeowners the option of a short-term rental agreement, have coerced homeowners into signing leases and are requiring prospective mobile home owners in mobile home parks located in the city to enter into or assume long-term leases or rental agreements as a condition to locating in a mobile home park. By requiring such long-term leases which the park owners claim are exempt from local rent control, park owners appear to be attempting to circumvent the benefits and protections provided by the city mobile home rent regulation ordinance.

E. The city council has further determined that as a result of the park owners' requirement of long-term leases by prospective mobile home owners, current mobile home owners are having extreme difficulty selling their mobile homes. Prospective homeowners of mobile homes may lose interest in the sale when faced with a long-term lease requirement which includes a rent schedule not subject to city review or regulation.

F. The city council has further determined that as a result of the park owner's requirement that existing or prospective mobile home owners sign or assume long-term leases which may be exempt from city rent regulation, existing and prospective mobile home owners are being precluded from receiving the benefits and protections intended by the ordinance.

G. As a response to the above findings, the city council has determined that in addition to the protections already provided by ordinance, it is necessary to: (1) protect current homeowners' investment in their mobile homes and provide reasonable rents by precluding park owners from requiring existing or prospective mobile home owners to sign an exempt lease or charging rents under an expired lease; (2) to protect existing and prospective mobile home owners from excessive rents by providing for lease options in order to give each existing and prospective homeowner a real choice between an exempt long-term lease and a rental agreement subject to the protections of the ordinance; and (3) to protect existing and prospective homeowners' investments in their mobile homes through a lease assumption requirement imposed upon the mobile home.

(Ord. 1247 § 1, 1996: Ord. 1216 (part), 1994)

In construing the provisions of this chapter, the following definitions shall apply:

A. "Anniversary date" means the date which is one year succeeding the effective date of the last increase of space rent pursuant to this chapter.

B. "Commission" means the planning commission established by Section 2.22.010 which shall carry out the functions and duties of mobile home rent review as provided in this Chapter 4.01. Any reference to the "Mobile Home Rent Review Commission" in this Chapter 4.01 shall mean the planning commission.

C. "Homeowner" or "resident" means any person entitled to or proposing to occupy such mobile home unit or space pursuant to any oral or written lease with the owner thereof, or pursuant to some other rental agreement with the owner, lessor, operator or manager thereof. "Homeowner" or "resident" shall also include a prospective mobile home owner. A prospective mobile home owner is a person who has purchased or is in the process of purchasing or otherwise acquiring a mobile home that is or will be located in a particular mobile home park.

D. "Homeowners' association" ("association") means and includes a nonprofit unincorporated or incorporated association with membership open to and representing a majority of the residents of the park, with elected officials for a specified period of time.

E. "Landlord" means any owner, lessor, operator or manager of a mobile home park.

F. "Members" means commissioners of the mobile home rent review commission.

G. "Mobile home" means a structure designed for human habitation and for being moved on a street or highway under permit pursuant to Section 35790 of the Vehicle Code. Mobile home does not include a "recreational vehicle" as defined in Section 799.24 of the Civil Code or "commercial coach" as defined in Section 18218 of the Health & Safety Code.

H. "Mobile home park owner" or "park owner" means the owner, lessor, operator, manager or designated agent thereof of a mobile home park; sometimes referred to as "owner."

I. "Mobile home space" or "space" means the site within a mobile home park intended, designed or used for the location or accommodation of a mobile home and any accessory structures or appurtenances attached thereto or used in conjunction therewith.

J. "Park owners' association" means any organization, either local, regional or statewide, open to all owners of mobile home parks.

K. "Rent" means the consideration, including any bonus, benefit or gratuity, demanded or received by a landlord for the use and occupancy, including services and amenities, of a residential rental unit.

L. "Rental agreement" means an agreement between a mobile home park owner and homeowner or resident establishing the terms and conditions of a tenancy in a mobile home park. A lease is a rental agreement.

M. "Rent increases" means any additional rent demanded of or paid by a homeowner, including any reduction in housing services without a corresponding reduction in the moneys demanded or paid for rent.

N. "Residential rental unit" means any mobile home space occupied by any person other than the owner of the park for payment of rent pursuant to an oral or written lease, or other form of rental agreement.

O. "Tenancy" means the right of a homeowner or resident to the use of a mobile home site within a mobile home park on which to locate, maintain and occupy a mobile home, site improvements and accessory structures; for human habitation, including the use of the services and facilities of a mobile home park.

P. "Vacancy" means the condition deemed to have occurred upon the removal of any mobile home from a mobile home park.

(Ord. 1216 (part), 1994)

(Ord. No. 1699, § 9A, 3-11-25)

A. The provisions of this chapter shall apply to any mobile home park within the city. The provisions of this chapter shall also apply to all rental agreements or leases, oral or written, offered to or entered into between any landlord and homeowner or resident as defined in Section 4.01.020, except as provided in subsection B of this section.

B. This chapter shall not apply to regulate the rent for a mobile home space while that space is subject to a lease which exempts that space from rent regulation by meeting all the specific criteria of California Mobilehome Residency Law, Civil Code Section 798.17.

C. Any association set forth in Section 4.01.020 shall only be recognized pursuant to this chapter by the delivery to the office of the city clerk the name of the organization, the names and titles of the officers thereof, and the term of each, by January 31st of each year.

(Ord. 1216 (part), 1994)

Editor's note— Ord. No. 1699, § 9B, adopted March 11, 2025, repealed § 4.01.040, which pertained to created—members—terms and derived from Ord. 1404 § 5, adopted in 2007; and Ord. 1216 (part), adopted in 1994.

Within the limitations provided by law, the commission shall have the following powers:

A. To establish a regular meeting schedule and, in addition, to meet as necessary for the purposes of holding hearings as required in this chapter;

B. To receive, investigate, hold hearings on and pass upon the petitions of the homeowners as set forth in this chapter;

C. To make or conduct such independent hearings or investigations as may be appropriate to obtain such information as is necessary to carry out its duties;

D. To adjust maximum rents either upward or downward upon completion of its hearings and investigations;

E. To adopt, promulgate, amend and rescind administrative rules to effectuate the purposes and policies of this chapter, the commission shall publicize its own rules and regulations prior to its promulgation in at least one newspaper of general circulation in the city;

F. To maintain and keep at city hall, mobile home rent review hearing files and dockets listing the time, date and place of hearings, the parties involved and the final disposition of the petition. These files and dockets shall be matters of public record and shall be accessible to the public and may be viewed at the office of the city clerk or may be copied upon written request therefor and upon payment of appropriate cost of reproduction;

G. To publicize this chapter so that all mobile home park owners and homeowners of Rialto will have the opportunity to become informed about their legal rights and duties under this chapter;

H. To enforce and recognize agreements arrived at between homeowners and mobile home park owners where the agreement is duly executed by representatives of the parties, submitted to the commission and made a matter of record as part of a mediation or hearing process.

(Ord. 1216 (part), 1994)

A. Rent increases and notices shall comply with the following provisions:

1. A park owner shall not demand, accept or retain rent for a mobile home space exceeding the rent in effect on the effective date of this chapter, except as provided in this chapter.

2. No rent increase is valid, enforceable or collectible until either (a) an agreement has been reached after informal negotiations between a resident and a park owner or between the homeowner's association and a park owner, (b) an agreement has been reached after mediation is concluded, or (c) a final decision has been issued after the full commission hearing process is concluded.

B. In order to implement a rent increase, the mobile home park owner shall do all of the following:

1. At least thirty days prior to the service of a notice of a proposed rent increase, as required by Civil Code Section 798.30, the park owner may provide written notice to the affected recognized association (see Section 4.01.030 C) with the city clerk and to the city clerk that a notice of proposed rent increase will be served. In the event that the mobile home park owner is unable to effect proper service upon the recognized association, the mobile home park owner shall post the notice in a conspicuous place in the affected mobile home park.

2. Prior to the effective date of any proposed rent increase, the mobile home park owner shall serve each affected homeowner, in accordance with California Civil Code, Section 798.30, and in addition, with notice that a request for approval of the proposed rent increase is being filed with the commission.

3. The mobile home park owner shall file a copy of any notice served pursuant to subsection (B)(2) of this section with the commission by delivery to the city clerk no later than five days after service upon the homeowners.

4. No more than one increase in space rent shall be allowed in any twelve-month period.

(Ord. 1216 (part), 1994)

Nothing contained in this chapter shall be interpreted so as to discourage private negotiations and voluntary agreements between the homeowners association and mobile home park owners regarding the amount of any proposed rent increase. The thirty-day notice period required pursuant to Section 4.01.060(B)(1) is intended to be utilized for the purpose of negotiating such voluntary agreements. Any rent increase which is the result of such voluntary agreements shall be exempt from the additional requirements set forth in Section 4.01.060(B)(2) and (B)(3). Although these negotiations may be initiated by either the mobile home park owner or the homeowner's association, it is the intent of this chapter that this action be taken by the mobile home park owner. In addition, the park owner shall negotiate with the park's recognized association for any pass-through for capital costs. If agreement is not reached, the park owner shall notify the city clerk in writing of this failure to reach a voluntary agreement prior to the service of notice of the rent increase as required by Civil Code Section 798.30.

(Ord. 1216 (part), 1994)

A. If written notice of failure to reach a voluntary agreement is delivered to the city clerk pursuant to Section 4.01.061:

1. The city clerk shall, no later than the tenth day after receiving notice of failure to reach voluntary agreement, mail written notice to the homeowners' association and the owners of the mobile home park subject to the proposed annual rent increase, setting a place, date and time for the holding of a mediation.

2. The mediation shall be scheduled within twenty-five days from the date of the notice thereof, but in no event earlier than fifteen days.

3. No later than ten days before the date set for the mediation the park owner shall file with the commission a proposed rent schedule on a form provided by the city clerk. The rent schedule shall show the existing and proposed rents for each space which is not exempt from the provisions of this chapter pursuant to Section 4.01.030B. In addition, the rent schedule shall show (a) all charges paid by all residents of the park for water, gas, electricity, trash and any pass-through charges permitted by this chapter and (2) the gross amount of rents collected from all sources in the park. Copies of the rent schedule shall be a matter of public record and available free of charge to the affected recognized principal association of record.

B. The mediation shall be conducted according to the following rules and procedures:

1. The mediation shall be conducted by an independent mediator selected by the city. The commission may adopt written guidelines, policies and procedures for the selection of the mediator.

2. The mediation shall be an informal, nonbinding procedure for the purpose of reaching agreement as to the amount of the proposed rent increase.

(Ord. 1216 (part), 1994)

A. If an agreement cannot be reached through voluntary agreements or mediation, no rent increase shall be valid, enforceable or collected until after the commission hearing process is completed. Either the homeowners or the park owner can request a hearing.

1. At the request of the chairperson, the parties shall produce such records, receipts or reports as the commission may require. A failure by the mobile home park owner to produce such requested items shall be sufficient basis for the commission to terminate the proceedings.

2. At the request of the chairperson, the parties shall produce specified financial records with respect to the park. Upon failure of any party to produce the requested books, papers, records or documents, the chairperson may request the city council to issue a subpoena directed to the party pursuant to Section 37104 of the Government Code, commanding the production to the commission of the requested books, papers, records or documents in the possession or under the control of the party.

3. Within a period of twenty days following the request for hearing at a time and place set by the commission, a hearing shall be held for the presentation of evidence as to the propriety and/or reasonableness of the subject rent increase. Written notice of the time and place of the hearing shall be given to the parties thereto not less than fifteen days prior to the hearing. The notice shall be given by personal delivery or by depositing in the United States mail directed to the address on file with the city clerk. A reasonable continuance, not to exceed thirty days, may be granted by stipulation of the parties or at the discretion of the commission.

B. In the consideration of the reasonableness of a proposed rent increase, the commission may consider any and all relevant factors in determining whether such increase yields a just and reasonable return on the mobile home park owner's property. These factors may include, but shall not be limited to:

1. The length of time since the last rent increase for the mobile home space or spaces in the subject park;

2. Upon completion of any capital improvements or related rehabilitation work that enhances the amount and quality of services provided by the park owner to the affected homeowner and which consists of more than ordinary maintenance or repairs, the park owner may request recovery of the cost of materials, labor, construction, interest, permit fees and other items as the commission deems appropriate; provided, however, that the work of improvement or rehabilitation shall have been approved in advance by the association, if there is one, or ordered, adjudged or decreed by a court or administrative tribunal or competent jurisdiction, and that the cost of such items is fully amortized over the useful life of the improvement, as such useful life is determined by the commission or mediator;

3. Changes in property tax or other taxes related to the subject mobile home park;

4. Changes in the utility charges for the subject mobile home park paid by the park owner and the extent, if any, of reimbursement from the homeowners;

5. Changes in reasonable operating and maintenance expenses;

6. The need for repairs caused by circumstances other than ordinary wear and tear;

7. The amount and quality of services provided by the park owner to the affected homeowner;

8. Net income to the owner before federal and state income taxes as determined by the owner's submission of tax returns on a voluntary basis;

9. Changes in the Consumer Price Index and changes in the Residential Rent Index;

10. Rent for comparable mobile home spaces in the city;

11. The park owner's original investment, additional investments, appreciation, depreciation and possible tax benefits;

12. Any particular hardship circumstances of the park owner or the residents;

13. The park owner's current net operating income. "Net operating income (NOI)" is the surplus of funds after all allowable expenses have been deducted from the gross income generated by the park from all sources.

a. Gross income equals:

i. Gross rents, computed as gross rental income at one hundred percent occupancy, plus

ii. Interest from rental deposits, unless directly paid by the landlord to the tenants, plus

iii. Income from miscellaneous sources, including, but not limited to, laundry facilities, vending machines, amusement devices, cleaning fees or services, garage and parking fees, plus

iv. All other income or consideration received or receivable for, or in connection with, the use or occupancy of rental units,

v. Minus uncollected rents due to vacancy and bad debts to the extent that the same are beyond the park owner's control;

b. Allowable expenses shall include the following:

i. Real property taxes,

ii. Utility costs,

iii. Other reasonable management expenses including, but not limited to, necessary and reasonable advertising, accounting and insurance,

iv. Normal repair and maintenance expenses including, but not limited to, painting, normal cleaning, fumigation, landscaping and repair of all standard services, including electrical, plumbing, carpentry, furnished appliances, drapes, carpets and furniture,

v. License and registration fees required by law to the extent same are not otherwise paid by tenants,

vi. The yearly amortized portion of capital expenses including financing costs, computed in accordance with any useful life table;

c. Operating expenses shall not include the following:

i. Avoidable and unreasonable or unnecessary expenses,

ii. Mortgage principal and interest payments,

iii. Lease purchase payments and rent or lease payments to park owner's lessor,

iv. Penalties, fees or interest assessed or awarded for violation of this or any other statute,

v. Attorneys fees and other costs incurred for proceedings before the commission or in preparation for such proceedings, or in connection with any civil actions or proceedings against the commission, or a decision, ruling or order of the commission,

vi. Depreciation of the real property,

vii. Any expenses for which the landlord has been reimbursed by any security deposit, insurance settlement, judgment for damages, settlement or any other method;

C. At the hearing:

1. The parties may offer any testimony, documents, written declarations or other evidence that is relevant to the subject of the hearing.

2. The parties may have assistance in presenting evidence, or in setting forth by argument their position, from an attorney or such other person as may be designated by the parties; provided, however, that each party may have only one such spokesperson at the hearing.

3. In the event that any party should fail to appear, the commission may hear and review such evidence as may be presented and make such decisions as if all parties were present.

4. All testimony shall be taken and all documentary evidence shall be submitted under penalty of perjury according to the laws of the state of California.

5. It need not be conducted according to the technical rules relating to evidence and witnesses, as applicable in courts of law. To the admissible, evidence shall be of the type on which responsible persons are accustomed to rely in the conduct of serious affairs. A full and fair hearing shall be accorded to the parties to the hearing.

6. The proceedings shall be tape recorded. Any party who desires that the proceedings be recorded stenographically shall make arrangements with the city clerk at least five days before the hearing. Any transcripts prepared by a reporter at the party's request shall be at his or her expense, and the original shall be filed with the city clerk. If the party makes a request for a transcript of the tape recording at the time of or after the hearing, he or she shall make arrangements to copy the official tape recording with the city clerk. All expenses incurred for the transcript will be borne by the requesting party.

7. Any person may be excluded during the hearing by the commission if that person is disruptive or otherwise interferes with the orderly conduct of the proceedings.

D. The commission shall make a final decision upon the conclusion of the hearing. The written decision, including all applicable findings, shall be prepared by the city attorney and mailed to all parties within ten days after the conclusion of the hearing.

E. All mobile home rent review commission hearings shall be open to the public.

F. Any decision of the commission must be supported by substantial evidence.

G. The decision and findings of the commission shall be final and there shall be no right of appeal to the city council.

H. It shall be unlawful for a rent increase to be assessed prior to a final decision having been rendered by the commission.

I. At the hearing the mobile home park owner shall have the burden of proof. Such burden shall be satisfied if the mobile home park owner proves his/her case by a preponderance of the evidence.

(Ord. 1234 (part), 1995: Ord. 1216 (part), 1994)

Except as otherwise expressly provided in the California Mobilehome Residency Law, no security deposit shall be required of any homeowner as a condition of either initial or continuing tenancy in the mobile home park.

(Ord. 1216 (part), 1994)

No mobile home park owner shall reduce or eliminate any service in a mobile home park or to any homeowner within any mobile home park unless and until a proportionate share of the cost savings resulting from such reduction or elimination is passed on to the homeowner in the form of a decrease in rent.

(Ord. 1216 (part), 1994)

A. The homeowner's association of any mobile home park or, if no association exists, more than fifty percent of the homeowners residing therein may petition the commission for the purpose of reviewing the amount of rent currently being charged in the park or for any other purpose for which the commission has the power to act as set forth in Section 4.01.050.

B. Such a hearing shall be conducted pursuant to the requirements as set forth in Section 4.01.065, except that any references therein to "rent increase," "mobile home park owner" and "homeowner" shall be changed so as to reflect the intent of the subject petition.

(Ord. 1216 (part), 1994)

A. There shall be no increase in the space rent upon the sale or transfer of title to a mobile home dwelling unit in place, except upon reaching the anniversary date of the last space rent increase and after full compliance with this chapter's provisions.

B. No upward adjustment of rents shall be authorized by reason of increased interest or the expense resulting from the mobile home park owner refinancing the mobile home park if, at the time the owner refinanced, the owner could reasonably have foreseen that such increased expenses could not be covered by the rent schedule in existence except where such refinancing is reasonable and is needed for the owner to make capital improvements.

C. No upward adjustment of rents shall be authorized by the commission because of the owner's increased or other expenses resulting from a sale of the park if, at the time the owner acquired the park, the owner could have reasonably foreseen that such increased expenses would not be covered by the rent schedule then in effect. This section shall only apply to mobile home parks acquired after the date of adoption of this chapter.

(Ord. 1216 (part), 1994)

A. No park owner may require, whether directly or indirectly, that a resident or prospective resident sign a lease or rental agreement that provides that it shall be exempt from local rent control or provides for space rent in excess of that permitted by this chapter as a condition of residency in the park and no owner may deny a tenancy to a prospective purchaser of a mobile home in the park on the grounds that the prospective purchaser will not sign such a lease or rental agreement.

B. Upon expiration of a current lease or rental agreement, or upon entering an initial rental agreement, a "homeowner" or "resident," as defined in Section 4.01.020C of this chapter, shall be offered a lease or rental agreement for (1) a term of twelve months, (2) a lesser period as the homeowner may request, or (3) a longer period as mutually agreed upon by both the homeowner and management.

C. No lease or rental agreement or other contract entered into after the effective date of the ordinance codified in this chapter shall require a "homeowner" or "resident" as defined in Section 4.01.020C of this chapter to assume a lease. Any provision which requires a mobile home owner to assume a lease as a condition of residence or tenancy in a park shall be void.

(Ord. 1247 § 2, 1996: Ord. 1234 (part), 1995: Ord. 1216 (part), 1994)

A. Any homeowner aggrieved by the wilful violation of any of the provisions of this chapter may sue thereon and recover actual damages therefor, plus a civil penalty as provided in this section. Any park owner or his agent who demands, accepts, receives or retains any payment of space rent in excess of the maximum lawful space rent, in violation of the provisions of this chapter or any rule, regulation or order thereunder promulgated, shall be liable, as provided in this section, to the homeowner from whom such payments are demanded, accepted, received or retained, for damages, as a civil penalty, in an amount of five hundred dollars or three times the amount by which the payment so demanded, accepted, received or retained exceeds the maximum lawful space rent, whichever is the greater. The owner is also liable to the homeowner for any such payments actually collected and refunded, if any, plus interest from the date received, reasonable attorney's fees and costs as determined by the court.

B. The fact that any park owner or his/her agent or representative has violated this chapter may be raised by the aggrieved homeowner as a defense to any action by such park owner or representative for unlawful detainer based on nonpayment of rent.

C. Any person violating any of the provisions of this chapter shall be guilty of a misdemeanor and shall be punishable in the manner provided for such offenses in the Rialto municipal code. Each continuing day of violation shall be deemed to be a separate violation.

D. The remedies provided in this chapter are in addition to and nonexclusive to all other remedies provided by law.

(Ord. 1234 (part), 1995: Ord. 1216 (part), 1994)

A. Mobile home park owners shall pay to the city an annual user fee, as may be established by resolution of the city council, for each mobile home rental space with the park, except such spaces that are exempt from such fee because of a space rental agreement that meets the requirements of Section 798.17 of the California Civil Code. The annual user fee shall be paid by June 1st of each year.

B. Park owners shall be permitted to pass-through to the residents of the park the first twenty-five dollars of the user fee. The city council shall determine by resolution any allowable pass-through adjustment of the registration fee over and above twenty-five dollars. Absent such resolution, parks owners shall not be permitted to pass-through any portion of the user fee beyond twenty-five dollars.

C. If a park owner does not pay the fee provided for in subsection A in this section within the time period established therein, a late charge shall be assessed in an amount equal to one dollar for each mobile home rental space within the park for each month or fraction thereof that such payment is delinquent.

D. No application will be accepted from any park owner for a space rent increase of any kind, no hearing or other proceeding shall be scheduled or take place, and no space rent increase shall be granted or take effect for any mobile home park for which there is an unpaid user fee.

E. The user fee provided by this section is intended to defray costs associated with the general administration of this chapter and is not intended to replace or preclude additional fees and costs associated with specific rent increase applications.

F. The city administrator is directed to maintain an accurate accounting of all direct and indirect costs of administering the regulations contained in this chapter. The city manager shall submit a report to the commission and city council of such costs and any recommendation for a change in the user fee at least annually from and after the effective date of the ordinance codified in this chapter.

(Ord. 1216 (part), 1994)

This chapter shall remain in effect until the space vacancy factor in each and every one of the mobile home parks in the city rises to five percent or more for each month for one full calendar year.

(Ord. 1216 (part), 1994)

If any section, subsection, sentence, clause, phrase or portion of this chapter is for any reason held invalid, such portion shall be deemed separate, distinct and independent provision, such decision shall not affect the validity of the remaining portions thereof.

(Ord. 1216 (part), 1994)

This chapter shall be liberally construed to achieve the purposes of this chapter and to preserve its validity.

(Ord. 1216 (part), 1994)