Article 3 — Rules and Regulations

It is unlawful for any person to violate any of the provisions of this chapter or any of the provisions of the hereinafter set forth rules and regulations, as well as any of the provisions of any rules and regulations hereinafter adopted or amended by resolution. Any person, firm, or corporation applying for service of the water works system shall agree in writing to comply with the terms and provisions of this chapter, the rules and regulations herein enacted as well as any rules and regulations hereinafter enacted by resolution, as well as with any amendment or addition to any of the foregoing. Said rules and regulations are as follows in this article. (Prior code § 46-3)

If any person fails to comply with any of the foregoing, the Water Utility Director shall be advised of such failure. If said person thereafter does not correct said noncompliance within a reasonable time after notification from the City Manager to do so, the City Manager shall have the right after giving notice, to discontinue service to said person. Except in case of emergencies, the City Manager shall not discontinue the service of any persons except on written five-day notice thereof advising said person in what particular there has been a violation or noncompliance for which service will be discontinued if said violation or noncompliance has not been remedied. This notice however, may be dispensed with by the City Manager in his or her discretion, in the event of any emergency demanding immediate curtailment of said service in order to protect public life or property. (Prior code § 46-3.1)

Every consumer shall at his or her own risk and expense furnish, install and maintain in good and safe condition, all apparatus and appliances which may be required for receiving, controlling, applying and utilizing water furnished by the City. Where any part of the consumer's installation is found to be unsafe or hazardous, or where the consumer willfully wastes water in any manner, the water may be shut off without notice until such unsafe or hazardous or wasteful practices have been discontinued or until such repairs or modifications have been made to the satisfaction of the City. Any damage occurring to the meters or other pipes or appliances owned by the City which is caused by carelessness, neglect or unsafe apparatus of the consumer shall be paid for by the consumer on presentation of a bill therefor. The City does not assume the responsibility of inspection of the consumer's installation and assumes no liability, nor shall the City be responsible for any damage occurring on the premises or elsewhere by reason of open faucets, faulty fixtures, broken pipe or for any unsafe condition or apparatus at or after the service is turned on, nor for any damage resulting from the turning off of the water service. (Prior code § 46-3.2)

The Water Utility Director shall direct that the continuance of service to any consumer having apparatus or appliances, the operation of which in the judgment of the Water Utility Director would be detrimental to the water service being furnished by the City to its other consumers in

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the immediate vicinity or detrimental to the public health, safety and welfare, be terminated. (Prior code § 46-3.3)

All portions and part of the water works system used in supplying water to the consumer shall remain the property of the City and may be only repaired, replaced or removed as the City shall so direct. Property herein mentioned includes all meters and appliances, service pipe, lines and mains installed by the City whether on public property or property of the consumer. (Prior code § 46-3.4)

It is unlawful for any person other than those designated and authorized by proper authority to tap, open, connect with, operate or otherwise tamper with any main, pipe, valve, meter, or fire hydrant or any other equipment which forms a part of the water system of the City. (Prior code § 46-3.5)

All meters shall be installed by the City and shall be only removed, repaired or replaced by the City. No rent or other charge whatsoever shall be made by the consumer for the placing of any meter or appliance upon the consumer's premises. No person shall move, repair, tamper with, injure or destroy any of said meters or appliances other than a representative of the City. The City shall have the right to remove any and all of its facilities installed on a consumer's premises at the termination of service. Meters, wherever practicable shall be placed in a meter box in the roadside area and if not so practicable shall be placed in some other convenient place upon the consumer's premises so that the same at all times are accessible for inspection, reading and testing. No person, other than a representative of the City, shall make or maintain any by-pass or other connection between the meter and the main and shall not tamper with the meter in any way.

(Prior code § 46-3.6)

No person may resell any of the water received by him or her from the City to any other person for a profit. A person may only resell water received by him or her from the City to another person upon the approval of the City Manager or designee. (Prior code § 46-3.7)

No consumer shall provide water regularly to any person, company, or corporation other than the occupant or occupants of the premises of said consumer, nor shall any consumer knowingly permit leaks or waste of water.

(Prior code § 46-3.8)

No person shall install or maintain or permit to be installed or maintained, any connection or cross connection between the water supply system of the City and any other source of

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City of Paramount, CA

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§ 13.04.150

water supply whatsoever, without the approval of the City Manager. Water service may be discontinued to any premises upon which there is found to be another source of water supply or a possible cross-connection. Said service shall not be restored until such cross-connection has been eliminated or back-flow devices satisfactory to the City have been installed. The expense and maintenance of backflow devices and the cost of eliminating cross-connections shall be paid by the consumer or owner of the premises. (Prior code § 46-3.9)

• A. Protection of Public Water Supply.

  1. The City of Paramount shall operate a cross-connection control program:

     • a. To protect the public water supply against actual or potential cross-connection by isolating within the premises contamination that may occur because of some undiscovered or unauthorized cross-connection on the premises;

     • b. To eliminate existing connections between drinking water systems and other sources of water that are not approved as safe and potable for human consumption;

     • c. To eliminate cross-connections between drinking water systems and sources of contamination; and

     • d. To prevent the making of cross-connections in the future.

  2. The City's cross connection program is adopted pursuant to the State Water Resources Control Board guidance document entitled "Cross-Connection Control Policy Handbook (CCCPH)," dated July 1, 2025, as amended from time to time. In the event of a conflict between this Section 13.04.050 and mandatory provisions of the CCCPH, the terms of the CCCPH shall control.

  3. It is unlawful for any person, firm, or corporation at any time to make or maintain or cause to be made or maintained, temporarily or permanently, for any period of time, any cross-connection between plumbing pipes or water fixtures being served with water by the City Water Department and any other source of water supply, or to maintain any sanitary fixture or other appurtenances or fixtures which by reason of their construction may cause or allow backflow of water or other substances into the water supply system of the City or the service of water pipes or fixtures of any consumer of the City.

• B. Cross-Connection Protection Requirements.

  1. General Provisions.

     • a. Unprotected cross-connections with the public water supply are prohibited.

     • b. Whenever backflow protection has been found necessary, the City will require the water customer to install an approved backflow prevention device at their own expense for continued services or before a new service will be granted.

     • c. Wherever backflow protection has been found necessary on a water supply line

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City of Paramount, CA § 13.04.150

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§ 13.04.150

entering a water customer's premises, then any and all water supply lines from the City's mains entering such premises, buildings, or structures shall be protected by an approved backflow prevention device. The type of device to be installed will be in accordance with the requirements of this chapter.

• Where protection is required.

• a. Each service connection from the City water system for supplying water to premises having an auxiliary water supply shall be protected against backflow of water from the premises into the public water system unless the auxiliary water supply is accepted as an additional source by the City, and is approved by the public health agency with proper jurisdiction.

• b. Each service connection from the City water system for supplying water to any premises on which any substance is handled in such fashion as may allow its entry into the water system shall be protected against backflow of the water from the premises into the public system. This shall include the handling of process waters and waters originating from the City water system which have been subjected to deterioration in sanitary quality.

  • c. Backflow prevention devices shall be installed on the service connection to any premises having: (i) internal cross-connections that cannot be permanently corrected and controlled to the satisfaction of the State or local Health Department and the City; or (ii) intricate plumbing and piping arrangements or entry to all portions of the premises is not readily accessible for inspection purposes, making it impracticable or impossible to ascertain whether or not cross-connections exist.

3. Type of Protection Required.

   • a. The type of protection that shall be provided to prevent backflow into the approved water supply shall be commensurate with the degree of hazard that exists on the consumer's premises. The type of protective device that may be required (listing in an increasing level of protection) includes: double check valve assembly ("DC"), reduced pressure principle backflow prevention device ("RP"), and an air-gap separation ("AG"). The water user may choose a higher level of protection than required by the City. The minimum types of backflow protection required to protect the approved water supply, at the customer's water connection to premises with varying degrees of hazard, are given in Table 1. Situations not included in Table 1 shall be evaluated on a case-by-case basis and the appropriate backflow protection shall be determined by the City.

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Table 1 TYPE OF BACKFLOW PROTECTION REQUIRED
Minimum Type of
Degree of Hazard Backflow Prevention
A. Sewage and Hazardous Substances.
1. Premises where the public water system is used to AG
supplement the reclaimed water supply.
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Table 1 TYPE OF BACKFLOW PROTECTION REQUIRED
Minimum Type of
Degree of Hazard Backflow Prevention
2. Premises where there are waste water pumping and/or AG
treatment plants and there is no interconnection with the
potable water system. This does not include a single-family
residence that has a sewage lift pump. A RP may be
provided in lieu of an AG if approved by the health agency
and the City.
3. Premises where reclaimed water is used and there is no AG
interconnection with the potable water system. A RP may
be provided in lieu of an AG if approved by the health
agency and the City.
4. Premises where hazardous substances are handled in any AG
manner in which the substances may enter a potable water
system. This does not include a single-family residence that
has a sewage lift pump. A RP may be provided in lieu of an
AG if approved by the health agency and the City.
5. Premises where there are irrigation systems into which AG
fertilizers, herbicides, or pesticides are, or can be, injected.
B. Auxiliary Water Supplies.
1. Premises where there is an unapproved auxiliary water AG
supply which is interconnected with the public water
system. A RP or DC may be provided in lieu of an AG if
approved by the health agency and the City.
2. Premises where there is an unapproved auxiliary water RP
supply and there are no interconnections with the public
water system. A DC may be provided in lieu of a RP if
approved by the health agency and City.
C. Fire Protection Systems.
1. Premises where the fire system is directly supplied from the DC
public water system and there is an unapproved auxiliary
water supply on or to the premises (not interconnected).
2. Premises where the fire system is supplied from the public AG
water system and interconnected with an unapproved
auxiliary water supply. A RP may be provided in lieu of an
AG if approved by the health agency and City.
3. Premises where the fire system is supplied from the public DC
water system and where either elevated storage tanks or fire
pumps which take suction from the private reservoirs or
tanks are used.
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City of Paramount, CA § 13.04.150

PUBLIC SERVICES

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Table 1 TYPE OF BACKFLOW PROTECTION REQUIRED
Minimum Type of
Degree of Hazard Backflow Prevention
D. Premises where entry is restricted so that inspections for RP
cross-connections cannot be made with sufficient frequency
or at sufficiently short notice to assure that cross-
connections do not exist.
E. Premises where there is a repeated history of cross- RP
connections being established or reestablished.
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• b. Two or more services supplying water from different street mains to the same building, structure, or premises through which an interstreet main flow may occur, shall have at least a standard check valve on each water service to be located adjacent to and on the property side of the respective meters. Such check valve shall not be considered adequate if backflow protection is deemed necessary to protect the City's mains from pollution or contamination; in such cases the installation of approved backflow devices at such service connections shall be required.

• C. Backflow Prevention Devices.

  1. Approved Backflow Prevention Devices.

     • a. Only backflow prevention devices that have been approved by the City shall be acceptable for installation by a water customer connected to the City's potable water system.

     • b. The City will provide, upon request, a list of approved backflow prevention devices to any affected customer.

  2. Backflow Prevention Device Installation. Backflow prevention devices shall be installed in a manner prescribed in Section 3.3.2 ("Installation Criteria for Backflow Protection") of the CCCPH. Location of the devices should be as close as practical to the customer's connection. The City shall have the final authority to determine the required location of a backflow prevention device.

     • a. Air-Gap Separation. The air-gap separation shall be located on the customer's side of and as close to the service connection as is practical. All piping from the service connection to the receiving tank shall be above grade and be entirely visible. No water use shall be provided from any point between the service connection and the air-gap separation. The water inlet piping shall terminate a distance of at least two pipe diameters of the supply inlet, but in no case less than one inch above the overflow rim of the receiving tank.

     • b. Reduced Pressure Principle Backflow Prevention Device. The approved reduced pressure principle backflow prevention device shall be installed on the customer's side of and as close to the service connection as is practical. The device shall be installed a minimum of 12 inches above grade and not more than 36 inches above grade measured from the bottom of the device and with a minimum of 12 inches side clearance. The device shall be installed so that it is

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City of Paramount, CA § 13.04.150

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§ 13.04.150

readily accessible for maintenance and testing. Water supplied from any point between the service connection and the RP device shall be protected in a manner approved by the City.

• c. Double Check Valve Assembly. The approved double check valve assembly shall be located as close as practical to the customer's connection and shall be installed above grade, if possible, and in a manner where it is readily accessible for testing and maintenance. If a double check valve assembly is put below grade it must be installed in a vault such that there is a minimum of six inches between the bottom of the vault and the bottom of the device, so that the top of the device is no more than a maximum of eight inches below grade, so there is a minimum of six inches of clearance between the side of the device with the test cocks and the side of the vault, and so there is a minimum of three inches clearance between the other side of the device and the side of the vault. Special consideration must be given to double check valve assemblies of the "Y" type. These devices must be installed on their "side" with the tests cocks in a vertical position so that either check valve may be removed for service without removing the device. Vaults without an integrated bottom must be placed on a three-inch layer of gravel.

3. Backflow Prevention Device Testing and Maintenance.

   • a. The owners of any premises on which, or on account of which, backflow prevention devices are installed, shall have the devices tested by a person who is certified by an appropriate governing agency and has demonstrated their competency in testing of these devices to the City. Backflow prevention devices must be tested at least annually and immediately after installation, relocation or repair. The City may require a more frequent testing schedule if it is determined to be necessary. No device shall be placed back in service unless it is functioning as required. A report in a form acceptable to the City shall be filed with the City each time a device is tested, relocated, or repaired. These devices shall be serviced, overhauled, or replaced whenever they are found to be defective and all costs of testing, repair, and maintenance shall be borne by the water customer.

   • b. The City will notify affected customers by mail when annual testing of a device is needed and also supply customers with the necessary forms which must be filled out each time a device is tested or repaired.

4. Backflow Prevention Device Removal. Approval must be obtained from the City before a backflow prevention device is removed, relocated, or replaced.

   • a. Removal. The use of a device may be discontinued and the device removed from service upon presentation of sufficient evidence to the City to verify that a hazard no longer exists or is not likely to be created in the future;

   • b. Relocation. A device may be relocated following confirmation by the City that the relocation will continue to provide the required protection and satisfy installation requirements. A retest will be required following the relocation of the device;

   • c. Repair. A device may be removed for repair; provided the water use is either

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City of Paramount, CA § 13.04.150

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§ 13.04.150

discontinued until repair is completed and the device is returned to service, or the service connection is equipped with other backflow protection approved by the City. A retest will be required following the repair of the device; and

• d. Replacement. A device may be removed and replaced provided the water use is discontinued until the replacement device is installed. All replacement devices must be approved by the City and must be commensurate with the degree of hazard involved.

• D. User Supervisor. At each premises where it is necessary, in the opinion of the City, a user supervisor shall be designated by and at the expense of the water customer. This user supervisor shall be responsible for the monitoring of the backflow prevention devices and for avoidance of cross-connections. In the event of contamination or pollution of the drinking water system due to a cross-connection on the premises, the City shall be promptly notified by the user supervisor so that appropriate measures may be taken to overcome the contamination. The water customer shall inform the City of the user supervisor's identity on, as a minimum, an annual basis and whenever a change occurs.

• E. Administrative Procedures.

  1. Water System Survey.

     • a. The City shall review all requests for new services to determine if backflow protection is needed. Plans and specifications must be submitted to the City upon request for review of possible cross-connection hazards as a condition of service for new service connections. If it is determined that a backflow prevention device is necessary to protect the public water system, the required device must be installed before service will be granted.

     • b. The City shall discontinue service of water to any water user if a backflow prevention assembly required by this chapter is not installed, correctly tested, and maintained, or if it is found that a backflow preventer assembly has been removed, by-passed, or if an unprotected cross-connection exists on the premises. Service will not be restored until such conditions or defects are corrected.

     • c. The water user's system shall be open for hazard assessments at all reasonable times to authorized representatives of the City to determine whether crossconnections or other structural or sanitary hazards, including violations of these regulations, exist. When such a condition becomes known, the City shall deny or immediately discontinue service to the water user by providing for a physical break in service line until the water user has corrected the condition(s) or defect(s) in conformance with applicable State laws and the City's Program.

     • d. The City may, at its discretion, require a reinspection for cross-connection hazards of any premises to which it serves water. The City will transmit a written notice requesting an inspection appointment to each affected water customer. Any customer which cannot or will not allow an on-premises inspection of their piping system shall be required to install the backflow prevention device the City considers necessary.

  2. Customer Notification—Device Installation.

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§ 13.04.150

• a. The City will notify the water customer of the survey findings, listing corrective action to be taken if required. The type of backflow preventer required shall meet the minimum requirements set forth in Table 1 above, but the survey's listed corrective actions may require a more protective backflow preventer on a case-by-case basis depending upon the degree of hazard, actual or potential, or as otherwise specified in this chapter.

• b. The City recognizes the Los Angeles County Fire Department's authority over fire protection systems and will not override its decisions unless a customer's fire protection system is specifically designed to accommodate the pressure drop associated with a reduced pressure device. Since fire protection systems are approved and regulated by the Fire Department, any modifications to these systems fall outside the City's jurisdiction. However, in the interest of public health and water quality protection, the City will strongly advise customers against adding chemicals to their fire protection systems.

• c. The City's water system shall be protected by an approved air-gap separation or reduced pressure principle backflow prevention assembly at the service connection on any premises where there is a high-hazard connection, as specified in Appendix D of the CCCPH.

• d. The City's water system shall be protected against backflow from the premises by the installation of a backflow prevention assembly in the service line on any premises where security requirements or other prohibitions or restrictions render it impossible or impractical to make conduct a cross-connection hazard assessment. In this case, the City will likewise require maximum protection, meaning an approved air-gap separation or an approved reduced pressure principle backflow prevention assembly that shall be installed in each service to the premises.

• e. Devices will not require retrofitting in existing systems with a single detector check valve provided that the check valve is tested in accordance with National Fire Protection Association ("NFPA") 25 requirements, does not require repair or replacement, and does not otherwise create a risk to public health. If the existing single detector check does not meet NFPA 25 requirements or requires repair or replacement, a minimum DC protection shall be installed and brought above grade. New customers are required to upgrade the backflow protection to current standards prior to water service being provided. Notwithstanding this provision, installations that create a risk to public health will require retrofit.

• f. The City must ensure its distribution system is protected with no less than DC protection for a user premises with a fire protection system within 10 years of adoption of the CCCPH.

• Customer Notification—Testing and Maintenance.

• a. The City will notify each affected water user when it is time for the backflow prevention device installed on their service connection to be tested. This written first notice shall provide the water customer 40 calendar days to have the device tested and submit results to the City.

• b. A second notice shall be sent to each water customer who does not have their

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City of Paramount, CA § 13.04.150

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§ 13.04.150

backflow prevention device tested as prescribed in the first notice within the 40-calendar-day period allowed. The second notice will give the water customer a 20-calendar-day period to have his or her backflow prevention device tested.

• c. A third and final notice will be given within a 10-calendar-day period.

• F. Water Service Termination. When the City encounters water uses that represent a clear and immediate hazard to the potable water supply that cannot be immediately abated, the City shall institute the procedure for discontinuing the City water service.

  1. Basis for Termination. Conditions or water uses that create a basis for water service termination shall include, but are not limited to, the following items:

     • a. Refusal to install required backflow prevention device;

     • b. Refusal for inspection of water use on the premises;

     • c. Refusal to test a backflow prevention device;

     • d. Refusal to repair a faulty backflow prevention device;

     • e. Refusal to replace a faulty backflow prevention device;

     • f. Direct or indirect connection between the public water system and a sewer line;

     • g. Unprotected direct or indirect connection between the public water system and a system or equipment containing contaminants;

     • h. Unprotected direct or indirect connection between the public water system and an auxiliary water system;

     • i. A situation which presents an immediate health hazard to the public water system.

  2. Water Service Termination Procedures. To terminate water service, the City will take the following steps:

     • a. The City shall provide reasonable notice to the customer in writing specifying the corrective action needed and the time period in which it must be done, as well as an opportunity for a hearing on the necessity for such termination where there is a non-immediate hazard to the City water system.

     • b. While the City will make reasonable efforts to advise the water user of intent to terminate water services where there exists an immediate health hazard to the public water system, the City may summarily terminate water service without prior notice in extenuating circumstances involving actual high hazard crossconnection control premises, as specified in Appendix D of the CCCPH, or other premises that require backflow protection provided by an air gap or a reduced pressure principle backflow prevention assembly identified during a hazard assessment, which pose a significant and immediate threat to the potable water supply.

     • c. If no corrective action is taken by the deadline, the City may terminate water service and lock the service valve. The water service will remain inactive until

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§ 13.04.210

correction of violations has been approved by the City.

• d. The termination of water service due to non-compliance shall be subject to the City's delinquent water tagging/shut-off reconnection fee.

3. Enforcement. The City has the authority to take corrective actions if a water user fails to comply with these provisions regarding the installation, inspection, field testing, or maintenance of required backflow prevention assemblies. Failure to install or adequately maintain cross-connection control constitutes a threat to the potable water supply.

(Prior code § 46-3.10; Ord. 1201, 6/10/2025)

The City or its duly authorized agents or contractual agent, shall at all times have the right of ingress to and egress from the consumer's premises at all reasonable hours for any purpose reasonably connected with the furnishing of water and the exercise of any and all rights secured to it by law or the rules and regulations enacted hereunder. A customer shall provide and maintain reasonable access for City representatives to all service connections, meters, backflow prevention devices, or other facilities pertinent to water service installed on consumer's premises. (Prior code § 46-3.11)

It is unlawful to damage or interfere with or to place any object, material, dirt or debris, garbage or rubbish cans or accumulation of any kind upon or about any fire hydrant, gate valve, manhole, meter or meter box, shut-off valve, or valve box so as to prevent free and immediate access to same at all times.

(Prior code § 46-3.12)

An official identification card shall be carried or worn by all employees who, in line of duty, may be required to enter upon private premises. Every employee, upon ceasing to be employed in the division, shall surrender and deliver to the proper official all identification cards and credentials of the division.

(Prior code § 46-3.13)

No person, as owner or occupant of any premises supplied with City water shall refuse admittance to, or hinder or prevent inspection by an authorized employee of the division when on official business, and if any person, as owner or occupant of such premises, does so refuse, hinder, or prevent, the water to such premises by be shut off. (Prior code § 46-3.14)

The City may refuse water service or may discontinue service at any time if found necessary in order to protect the City against abuse or fraud. (Prior code § 46-3.15)

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City of Paramount, CA § 13.04.210

PUBLIC SERVICES

§ 13.04.210

The City Council may from time to time amend, alter or add additional rules and regulations pertaining to the maintenance and operation and use of the water system. In addition, the City Council may by resolution, adopt such additional rules and regulations pertaining to the maintenance and operation and use of the water system as it deems necessary including as well, charges for the use of said service, which said rules and regulations may be amended, altered, repealed or added to by the City Council from time to time as it deems necessary in its discretion. Such resolution shall be adopted in the form and manner that any other resolution of the City Council would be adopted with the exception that any resolution creating or establishing a charge for the use of the service of the water system or repealing or amending any charge for said use shall only be adopted after two readings at least five days apart and after a public hearing on the adoption of said resolution. The City Manager, with the advice and the assistance of the City Attorney, is hereby given power and authority to interpret and apply said rules and regulations. Any person aggrieved by the decision of the City Manager, may appeal said decision to the City Council and the decision of the City Council shall be final and conclusive thereon. (Prior code §46-3.16)

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§ 13.04.260