Chapter 15.04 — CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE, CALIFORNIA CODE OF REGULATIONS,

TITLE 24, PART 9

Sections:

15.04.010 2025 California Fire Code, Title 24, Part 9 adopted and amended.

15.04.080 Section 105.5.25 and Sections 105.5.60 through 105.5.64 Operational permits.

15.04.090 Sections 105.6.13 Hazardous materials and Section 105.6.26 Construction permits.

15.04.010 2025 California Fire Code, Title 24, Part 9 adopted and amended.

The California Fire Code, 2025 Edition, as adopted by the California Code of Regulations Title 24, Part 9, and Appendices B, C, D, E, F, G, H, and K is adopted as herein amended. One copy of the California Fire Code is on file and open to public inspection in the Office of the City Clerk. Additional copies of the secondary codes set forth within the California Fire Code, and the amendments set forth in this chapter, are on file and open to public inspection in the fire department administrative office.

Whenever the phrase “California Fire Code” appears in this code or in any ordinance of the city, such phrase shall be deemed and construed to refer to and apply to the "California Fire Code, 2025 Edition" as adopted by the California Code of Regulations Title 24, Part 9, and as adopted and amended by this chapter.

(Ord. 5682 § 1 (part), 2026)

The provisions of this chapter shall constitute local amendments to the cross-referenced provisions of the California Fire Code, 2025 Edition, and shall be deemed to replace the cross-referenced sections of the Code with the respective provisions set forth in this chapter. Where used in this Chapter 15.04, ellipses shall indicate text of the California Fire Code, 2025 Edition, that has been adopted without amendment but is omitted for brevity.

(Ord. 5682 § 1 (part), 2026)

Section 102.5 of the California Fire Code is amended to read as follows:

102.5 Application of residential code. Where structures are designed and constructed in accordance with theCalifornia Residential Code, the provisions of this code shall apply as follows:

1. Construction and design provisions:

a. Provisions of this code pertaining to the exterior of the structure shall apply, including, but not limited to, premises identification, fire

apparatus access, and water supplies.

b. Provisions of this code pertaining to the interior of the structure shall apply when specifically required by this code, including, but not limited

to, Sections 903.2 through 903.3.7 and Section 907.2.10.

c. Where interior or exterior systems or devices are installed, construction permits required by Section 105.6 of this code shall also apply.

2. Administrative, operational, and maintenance provisions: all such provisions of this code shall apply.

(Ord. 5682 § 1 (part), 2026)

Section 103.2 of the California Fire Code is deleted.

(Ord. 5682 § 1 (part), 2026)

Section 105.3.9 is added to the California Fire Code to read as follows:

105.3.9 Permits/permit fees. All permit fees shall be established by the City Council as set forth in the municipal fee schedule.

(Ord. 5682 § 1 (part), 2026)

Table 105.5.9 of the California Fire Code is amended to read as follows:

TABLE 105.5.9

PERMIT AMOUNTS FOR COMPRESSED GASES1

AMOUNT (cubic feet)2

TYPE OF GAS X 0.0283 for m3

Carbon dioxide used in carbon dioxide enrichment systems 875(100 lbs)

Flammable (except cryogenic and liquefied petroleum gases) 200

Highly toxic Any amount

Inert and simple asphyxiant 6,000

Irritant 200

Moderately toxic 20

Other health hazards 650

Oxidizing (including oxygen) 504

Pyrophoric Any amount

Radioactive Any amount

Sensitizer 200

Toxic Any Amount

Unstable (reactive) Any amount

For SI: 1 cubic foot = 0.0283m3.

(Ord. 5682 § 1 (part), 2026)

Table 105.5.22 of the California Fire Code is amended to read as follows:

TABLE 105.5.22

PERMIT AMOUNTS FOR HAZARDOUS MATERIALS

TYPE OF MATERIAL AMOUNT Carcinogens 10 pounds Combustible liquids See Section 105.5.16 Corrosive materials: See Section 105.5.8 Gases 55 gallons Liquids 500 pounds Solids Cryogens See Section 105.5.11 Explosive materials See Section 105.5.14 TYPE OF MATERIAL AMOUNT Flammable materials: See Section 105.5.8 Gases See Section 105.5.16 Liquids 10 pounds Solids Highly toxic materials: Any amount Gases Any amount Liquids Any amount Solids Moderately toxic gas 20 cubic feet Organic peroxides: Any Amount Liquids: Class I-IV No Permit Required Liquids: Class V Any Amount Solids: Class I-IV No Permit Required Solids: Class V Oxidizing materials: 504 Cubic Feet Gases Any amount Liquids Any amount Solids Other health hazards: 55 gallons Solids 500 pounds Liquids Pyrophoric materials: Any amount Gases Any amount Liquids Any amount Solids

Toxic materials: Gases Any amount Liquids Any amount Solids Any amount

Unstable (reactive) materials: Any amount Gases Any amount Liquids Any amount Solids TYPE OF MATERIAL AMOUNT Water reactive materials: Any amount Liquids Any amount Solids

For SI: 1 gallon = 3.785 L, 1 pound = 0.454kg.

a. 22 gallons when Table 5003.1.1(1) Note k applies and hazard identification signs in accordance with Section 5003.5 are provided for

quantities of 22 gallons or less.

b. 220 pounds when Table 5003.1.1(1) Note k applies and hazard identification signs in accordance with Section 5003.5 are provided for

quantities of 220 pounds or less.

(Ord. 5682 § 1 (part), 2026)

15.04.080 Section 105.5.25 and Sections 105.5.60 through 105.5.64 Operational permits.

Section 105.5.25 of the California Fire Code are amended and Sections 105.5.60 through 105.5.64 are added to read as follows:

[. . .]

105.5.25 Hot work operations. An operational permit is required for hot work, including, but not limited to:

1. Public exhibitions and demonstrations where hot work is conducted.

2. Use of portable hot work equipment inside a structure.

Exception: (deleted)

3. Fixed-site hot work equipment, such as welding booths.

4. Hot work conducted within a wildfire risk area.

5. Application of roof coverings with the use of an open-flame device.

6. Where approved, the fire code official shall issue a permit to carry out a hot work program. This program allows approved personnel to regulate their facility’s hot work operations. The approved personnel shall be trained in the fire safety aspects denoted in this chapter and shall be responsible for issuing permits requiring compliance with the requirements found in Chapter 35. These permits shall be issued only to their employees or hot work operations under their supervision.

[. . .]

105.5.60 Liquid gas fueled equipment. An operational permit is required for liquid gas fueled equipment.

105.5.61 Battery operated equipment. An operational permit is required for commercial/ industrial/research battery operated equipment.

105.5.62 Underground storage tanks. An operational permit is required for underground storage tanks.

105.5.63 Radioactive materials. An operational permit is required to store, use or handle any radioactive material or source.

105.5.64 Day care permit. An operational permit is required to operate a day care facility for more than six children or adults.

(Ord. 5682 § 1 (part), 2026)

15.04.090 Section 105.6.13 Hazardous materials and Section 105.6.26 Construction permits.

Section 105.6.13 of the California Fire Code is amended, and Section 105.6.26 of the California Fire Code is added to read as follows:

[. . .]

105.6.13 Hazardous materials. A construction permit is required to install, repair damage to, abandon, remove, place temporarily out of service, or close or substantially modify a storage facility or other area regulated by Chapter 50, where the hazardous materials in use and when equipment is modified or installed that uses, stores, processes, or conveys hazardous materials.

Exceptions:

1. deleted

2. For repair work performed on an emergency basis, application for permit shall be made within two working days of commencement work.

[. . .]

105.6.26 Underground fire service lines: installation or modification. A construction permit is required for the installation, modification or removal from service of underground fire service lines.

(Ord. 5682 § 1 (part), 2026)

(Repealed by Ord. 5682 § 1 (part), 2026)

Section 108.7 is added to the California Fire Code to read as follows:

108.7 Certified Unified Program Agency (CUPA) Fees. Pursuant to the Participating Agency Agreement between the County of Santa Clara and the City of Palo Alto dated July 1, 1997, or as amended, the Fire Department is authorized to collect fees associated with the CUPA programs. The CUPA fees will be collected on an annual basis or as specified in the Palo Alto Municipal Fee Schedule.

(Ord. 5682 § 1 (part), 2026)

Section 109.1 of the California Fire Code is amended to read as follows:

109.1 Inspection authority. The fire code official is authorized to inspect, as often as necessary, buildings and premises, including such other hazards or appliances designated by the fire code official, for the purposes of ascertaining and causing to be corrected any conditions that would reasonably tend to cause fire or contribute to its spread, result in an unauthorized discharge of hazardous materials, or amount to any violation of this code or any other law or standard affecting fire and life safety.

(Ord. 5682 § 1 (part), 2026)

Section 104.1.1 is added to the California Fire Code to read as follows:

104.1.1 Penal code citation authority. The employee positions designated in this section are authorized to exercise the authority provided in California Penal Code section 836.5 for violations of the California Fire Code. The designated employee positions are: Fire Chief, Deputy Fire Chief, Fire Marshal, Assistant Fire Marshal, Fire Inspector, Hazardous Materials Specialist and Hazardous Materials Inspector.

(Ord. 5682 § 1 (part), 2026)

Section 113.4 of the California Fire Code is amended to read as follows:

113.4 Violation penalties. It is unlawful for any person to violate any provision or to fail to comply with any of the requirements of this Title 15, or any permits, conditions, or variances granted under this title. Violators shall be subject to any penalty or penalties authorized by law, including, but not limited to: administrative enforcement pursuant to Chapters 1.12 and 1.16 of the Palo Alto Municipal Code; and criminal enforcement pursuant to Chapter 1.08 of the Palo Alto Municipal Code. Each separate day or any portion thereof during which any violation of this chapter occurs or continues shall be deemed to constitute a separate offense.

When the Fire Chief or his/her designee determines that a violation of this chapter has occurred, the Fire Chief or his/her designee may record a notice of pendency of code violation with the Office of the County Recorder, stating the address and owner of the property involved. When the violation has been corrected, the Fire Chief or his/her designee shall issue and record a release of the notice of pendency of code violation.

[. . .]

(Ord. 5682 § 1 (part), 2026)

Except as noted herein, Section 202 is adopted in full. The following definitions are amended or added to Section 202 of the California Fire Code to read as follows:

CORROSIVE LIQUID. Corrosive liquid is:

1. Any liquid that, when in contact with living tissue, will cause destruction or irreversible alteration of such tissue by chemical action; or

2. Any liquid having a pH of 2 or less or 12.5 or more; or

3. Any liquid classified as corrosive by the U.S. Department of Transportation; or

4. Any material exhibiting the characteristics of corrosivity in accordance with Title 22, California Code of Regulations § 66261.22.

EMERGENCY POWER OFF (EPO). A manually operated device that disconnects electrical services to the building or specific equipment.

FALSE ALARM. The willful, knowing, or negligent initiation or transmission of a signal, message, or other notification of an event of fire when no such danger exists.

HEALTH HAZARD - OTHER. A hazardous material that affects target organs of the body, including, but not limited to, those materials that produce liver damage, kidney damage, damage to the nervous system, act on the blood to decrease hemoglobin function, deprive the body tissue of oxygen or affect reproductive capabilities, including mutations (chromosomal damage), sensitizers or teratogens (affect on fetuses).

LARGE-SCALE FIRE TESTING. Testing a representative energy storage system that induces a significant fire into the device under test and evaluates whether the fire will spread to adjacent energy storage system units, surrounding equipment, or through an adjacent fire-resistance-rated barrier.

MAXIMUM THRESHOLD QUANTITY (MAX TQ). Maximum threshold quantity is the maximum quantity of a moderately toxic or toxic gas that may be stored in a single vessel before a more stringent category of regulation is applied. The following equation shall be used to calculate the Max TQ:

Max TQ (pounds) = LC50 (ppm) x 2 lb.

MODERATELY TOXIC GAS. A moderately toxic gas is a chemical or substance that has a median lethal concentration (LC50) in air more than 2,000 parts per million but not more than 7,500 parts per million by volume of gas or vapor, when administered by continuous inhalation for an hour or less, if death occurs within one hour, to albino rats weighing between 200 and 300 grams each.

SECONDARY CONTAINMENT. Secondary containment is that level of containment that is external to and separate from primary containment, and is capable of safely and securely containing the material, without discharge, for a period of time reasonably necessary to ensure detection and remedy of the primary containment failure.

SPILL CONTROL. Spill control is that level of containment that is external to and separate from the primary containment and is capable of safely and securely containing the contents of the largest container and prevents the materials from spreading to other parts of the room.

WORKSTATION. A workstation is a defined space or independent principal piece of equipment using hazardous materials with a hazard rating of 1.

(Ord. 5682 § 1 (part), 2026)

Section 316.7 of the California Fire Code is added to read as follows:

316.7 Roof guardrails at interior courts. Roof openings into interior courts that are bounded on all sides by building walls shall be protected with guardrails. The top of the guardrail shall not be less than 42 inches in height above the adjacent roof surface that can be walked on. Intermediate rails shall be designed and spaced such that a 12-inch diameter sphere cannot pass through.

(Ord. 5682 § 1 (part), 2026)

Section 320.3.13 of the California Fire Code is added to read as follows:

320.3.13 Safety certification. The equipment, process, training procedures and occupancy associated with industrial additive manufacturing may be required by the fire code official to receive a safety certification from Underwriters Laboratories or equivalent.

(Ord. 5682 § 1 (part), 2026)

Section 322.6 of the California Fire Code is added to read as follows:

322.6 Fire protection system. The storage and/or charging of power micromobility devices shall be protected with a NFPA 13 fire sprinkler system. The system shall be designed to Ordinary Hazard II.

Exception: Micromobility powered devices in residential units.

(Ord. 5682 § 1 (part), 2026)

Section 401.5 of the California Fire Code is amended to read as follows:

401.5 Making false report. A person shall not, knowingly or unknowingly, give, signal, or transmit a false alarm. Initiation or transmission in a twelve-month period of three or more signals, messages, or other notifications of an event of fire when no such danger exists shall be presumed negligent.

(Ord. 5682 § 1 (part), 2026)

Section 503.1 of the California Fire Code is amended to read as follows:

503.1 Fire access roadways. Where required, fire apparatus access roads shall be provided and maintained in accordance with Sections 503.1.1 through 503.1.3 and as per Fire Department Access Road Standards.

[. . .]

(Ord. 5682 § 1 (part), 2026)

Section 503.2.1 of the California Fire Code is amended to read as follows:

503.2.1 Dimensions. Fire apparatus access roads shall have an unobstructed width of not less than 20 feet (6,096 mm) exclusive of shoulders, or as required by Appendix D, except for approved security gates in accordance with Section 503.6, and an unobstructed vertical clearance of 13 feet, 6 inches (4,115 mm).

(Ord. 5682 § 1 (part), 2026)

Section 503.2.2 of the California Fire Code is amended to read as follows:

503.2.2 Authority. The fire code official shall have the authority to require or permit modifications to the required access widths and/or vertical clearance where they are inadequate for fire or rescue operations or where necessary to meet the public safety objectives of the jurisdiction.

(Ord. 5682 § 1 (part), 2026)

Section 504.5 of the California Fire Code is amended to read as follows:

504.5 Access control devices. When access control devices, including bars, grates, gates, electric or magnetic locks or similar devices, which would inhibit rapid fire department emergency access to within and throughout the building, are installed, such devices shall be approved by the fire code official. All electrically powered access control devices shall be provided with an approved means for deactivation or unlocking from a single location or otherwise approved by the fire code official or his/her designee. Access control devices shall also comply with Chapter 10.

(Ord. 5682 § 1 (part), 2026)

Sections 505.1.1 and 505.1.2 of the California Fire Code are added to read as follows:

505.1.1 Address illumination. Address identification required by Section 505.1 shall be illuminated.

505.1.2 Address identification size. Address numbers and letters required by Section 505.1 shall be sized as follows:

1. When the structure is between thirty-six (36) and fifty (50) feet from the road or other emergency means of access, a minimum of one-half inch (0.5") stroke by six inches (6") high is required.

2. When the structure is fifty (50) or more feet from the road or other emergency means of access, a minimum of one inch (1") stroke by nine inches (9") high is required.

(Ord. 5682 § 1 (part), 2026)

Section 509.1.2 of the California Fire Code is added to read as follows:

509.1.2 Fire protection equipment identification. Exterior fire control valves, standpipes, hose valves, fire department connection, post indicators, fire service backflow preventers and other fire department appurtenances are to be painted red for identification.

(Ord. 5682 § 1 (part), 2026)

Sections 603.10 through 603.12 are added to the California Fire Code to read as follows:

603.10 Immersion heaters. All electrical immersion heaters used in dip tanks, sinks, vats and similar operations shall be provided with approved over-temperature controls and low liquid level electrical disconnects. Manual reset of required protection devices shall be provided.

603.11 Electric vehicle service equipment - car chargers. Electric vehicle service equipment shall be equipped with collision protection and an emergency power off (EPO) switch as determined necessary by the fire code official.

603.12 Enclosed parking manual exhaust system. Enclosed parking garages associated with nonresidential buildings shall install a Knox remote power box to manually activate the mechanical ventilation system to 100% capacity.

(Ord. 5682 § 1 (part), 2026)

Section 4103.1.2.1.1 of the California Fire Code is amended to read as follows:

4103.1.2.1.1 Prohibitive locations. The storage or use of portable, outdoor, gas-fired heating appliances is prohibited in any of the following locations:

1. Inside of any occupancy where connected to the fuel gas container.

2. Inside of tents, canopies and membrane structures.

3. On exterior balconies and rooftops.

Exception: intentionally deleted

(Ord. 5682 § 1 (part), 2026)

Section 903.2 of the California Fire Code is amended to read as follows:

903.2 Automatic sprinkler systems, where required. Approved automatic sprinkler systems in new buildings and structures, and in existing modified buildings and structures, shall be provided in the locations described in this section. Automatic fire sprinklers shall be installed per the requirements set forth in Sections 903.2.1 through 903.2.18 and as follows, whichever is the more restrictive:

1. An automatic sprinkler system shall be provided throughout all new buildings and structures.

Exception: New nonresidential occupancies, buildings or structures that do not exceed 350 square feet of building area and contain no interior plumbing fixtures.

2. An automatic sprinkler system shall be provided throughout all existing buildings when modifications are made that create conditions described in Sections 903.2.1 through 903.2.18, or that create an increase in fire area to more than 3,600 square feet, or when the addition is equal or greater than 50% of the existing building square footage, whichever is more restrictive.

3. An automatic fire sprinkler system is required in basements when any of the following occurs:

a. New basements used for storage, utility, occupancy, or habitable space regardless of size.

b. Existing basements that are altered for the use of storage, utility, occupancy, or habitable space regardless of size.

c. Existing basements that are expanded by more than 50%. If the addition or alteration is only the basement, then only the basement is

required to be protected by fire sprinklers.

4. An automatic sprinkler system is required when either the roof structure, exterior walls, or a combination of both has been removed, altered and/or replaced in at least 50% of the existing structure.

5. An automatic sprinkler system shall be installed throughout when any change in use or occupancy creates a more hazardous fire/life safety condition, as determined by the Fire Chief.

6. All new covered trash enclosures regardless of size require installation of fire sprinklers (nonresidential only).

Exception: A fire extinguishing system will not be required when all of the following conditions are met:

a. The trash enclosure, including the door(s) and roof, are constructed of noncombustible materials;

b. The trash enclosure is a standalone structure, a minimum of 20 feet away from adjacent buildings, and 10 feet away from property line(s);

and

c. The enclosure is used exclusively for waste garbage, recyclables, and organic waste/composting contained within the approved trash bins/

containers. No outdoor storage is permitted within the trash enclosure.

7. Phone booths and pods, when installed in a commercial building equipped with a fire sprinkler system.

8. Fume hoods, when installed in a commercial building equipped with a fire sprinkler system.

Exception: Spaces or areas in telecommunications buildings used exclusively for telecommunications equipment, associated electrical power distribution equipment, batteries and standby engines, provided that those spaces or areas are equipped throughout with an automatic smoke detection system in accordance with Section 907.2 and are separated from the remainder of the building by not less than 1-hour fire barriers constructed in accordance with Section 707, or not less than 2-hour horizontal assemblies constructed in accordance with Section 711, or both.

[. . .]

(Ord. 5682 § 1 (part), 2026)

Section 903.1.1.1 of the California Fire Code is amended to read as follows:

903.1.1.1 NFPA 13 sprinkler systems. Where the provisions of this code require that a building or portion thereof be equipped throughout with an automatic sprinkler system in accordance with this section, sprinklers shall be installed throughout in accordance with NFPA 13 and state and local requirements, except as provided in Section 903.3.1.1.

(Ord. 5682 § 1 (part), 2026)

Section 903.3.1.1.5 has been added to the California Fire Code to read as follows:

903.3.1.1.5 Increase in fire sprinkler design criteria.

1. For new buildings having no designated use or tenant, the minimum sprinkler design density shall be Ordinary Hazard Group II/1,500 square feet.

2. Where future use or tenant is determined to require a higher density, the sprinkler system shall be augmented to meet the higher density.

3. Light hazard shall be hydraulically designed to a 1,500 square foot most remote area or as required by the fire code official.

4. Laboratory areas within buildings shall be hydraulically designed to Ordinary Hazard II density.

5. For parking areas, where mechanical vehicle storage equipment is used, the fire sprinkler system shall be hydraulically designed to Extra Hazard II density.

6. In multi-residential apartments, townhomes, and condominiums.

7. In new commercial buildings that will have electrical vehicle chargers, the fire sprinkler system shall be designed to Extra Hazard II density.

8. In new commercial buildings that will have power micromobility devices, the fire sprinkler system shall be designed to Ordinary Hazard II.

9. ESS in commercial buildings shall comply with one of the following:

a. ESS units with a maximum stored energy capacity of 50 kWh, as described in Section 1207.5.1, shall be designed with a minimum density of

0.40 gpm/ft2 (1.14 L/min) based over the area of the room or 2,500 square-foot design area, whichever is smaller.

b. ESS units (groups) exceeding 50 kWh shall use a density based on large-scale fire testing complying with Section 1207.1.7.

[. . .]

(Ord. 5682 § 1 (part), 2026)

Section 903.3.1.2 of the California Fire Code is amended to read as follows:

903.3.1.2 NFPA 13R sprinkler systems. Where allowed in buildings of Group R occupancies, automatic sprinkler systems shall be installed throughout in accordance with NFPA 13 and state and local standards.

[. . .]

(Ord. 5682 § 1 (part), 2026)

Section 903.3.1.3 of the California Fire Code is amended and Section 903.3.1.3.1 is added to read as follows:

903.3.1.3 NFPA 13D sprinkler systems. Where allowed, automatic sprinkler systems installed in one- and two-family dwellings shall be installed throughout in accordance with NFPA 13D and state and local standards. Fire sprinkler protection shall be provided under rear covered patios extending over 4 feet perpendicular from the exterior of the structure.

903.3.1.3.1 Increase in fire sprinkler design criteria. Structures determined by the fire code official to have higher firefighting hazardous condition, or located in the Wildland-Urban Interface Fire Area, shall have an increase in fire sprinkler design criteria as determined by the fire code

official.

(Ord. 5682 § 1 (part), 2026)

Section 903.3.10 of the California Fire Code is amended to read as follows:

903.3.10 Floor control valves. Automatic sprinkler systems serving buildings two (2) or more stories in height shall have valves installed so as to control the system independently on each floor, including basements.

(Ord. 5682 § 1 (part), 2026)

Section 905.3.1 of the California Fire Code is amended to read as follows:

905.3.1 Height. A Class I Standpipe System shall be installed in new buildings or buildings being retrofitted with a fire sprinkler system where the roof edge/parapet is greater than 27 feet above the lowest level of fire apparatus access roadway and in below grade levels.

(Ord. 5682 § 1 (part), 2026)

Section 909.20.7 is added to the California Fire Code to read as follows:

909.20.7 Maintenance and operational schedule. A routine maintenance and operational testing program shall be initiated immediately after the smoke control system has passed the acceptance tests. A written schedule for routine maintenance and operational testing shall be established and both shall occur at least annually.

(Ord. 5682 § 1 (part), 2026)

Section 1008.3.3 of the California Fire Code is amended to read as follows:

1008.3.3 Illumination required by an emergency electrical system. An emergency electrical system shall automatically illuminate all of the following areas in the event of power supply failure:

1. In rooms or spaces that require two or more exits or access to exits:

Section 1031.2 of the California Fire Code is amended to read:

Section 1207.1.5 of the California Fire Code is amended to read:

1207.1.5 Large-scale fire test. Where required elsewhere in Section 1207, large-scale fire testing shall be conducted in accordance with NFPA 855, as amended, and UL 9540A. The testing shall be conducted or witnessed and reported by an approved testing laboratory and show that a fire involving one ESS will not propagate to an adjacent ESS, and where installed within buildings, enclosed areas and walk-in units will be contained within the room, enclosed area or walk-in unit for a duration equal to the fire-resistance rating of the room separation specified in Section 1207.7.4. The test report shall be provided to the fire code official for review and approval in accordance with Section 104.822.

(Ord. 5682 § 1 (part), 2026)

Section 1207.5.2 of the California Fire Code is amended to read as follows:

1207.5.2 Maximum allowable quantities. Fire areas within rooms, areas and walk-in units containing electrochemical ESS shall not exceed the maximum allowable quantities in Table 1207.5. The allowable number of fire areas, maximum allowable quantity, and fire-resistance rating of fire barriers for commercial structures shall comply with Table 1207.5.1.

Exceptions:

Where approved by the fire code official, rooms, areas and walk-in units containing electrochemical ESS that exceed the amounts In Table 1207.5 shall be permitted, based on a hazardous mitigation analysis in accordance with Section 1207.1.6 and large-scale fire testing complying with Section 1207.1.7.

1. Lead-acid and nickel-cadmium battery systems installed in facilities under the exclusive control of communications utilities and operating at less than 50 VAC and 60 VDC in accordance with NFPA 76.

2. Dedicated-use buildings in compliance with Section 1207.7.1.

TABLE 1207.5.1

DESIGN AND NUMBER OF ESS FIRE AREAS

PERCENTAGE OF
FIRE-RESISTANCE
MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE NUMBER OF FIRE
STORY RATING FOR FIRE
QUANTITY PER FIRE AREAS PER STORY
BARRIERS IN HOURS
AREA

Higher than 9 25 1 3
7-9 50 2 2
6 50 2 2
5 50 2 2

Above grade plan 4 75 4 2 3 100 6 2 2 100 6 2 1 100 6 2 1 100 4 3 Below grade plan 2 50 2 3 Lower than 2 Not allowed Not allowed Not allowed (Ord. 5682 § 1 (part), 2026)

Section 1207.11.3 of the California Fire Code is amended to read:

1207.11.3 Location. ESS shall be installed only in the following locations:

1. Detached garages and detached accessory structures.

2. Attached garages separated from the dwelling unit living space and sleeping units in accordance with Section R302.6.

3. Outdoors or on the exterior side of the exterior wallslocated not less than 3 feet (914 mm) from doors and windows directly entering the dwelling unit and shall not be located below or above any emergency escape and rescue openings.

4. Enclosed utility closets, basements, storage or utility spaces within dwelling units and sleeping units with finished or noncombustible walls and ceilings. Walls and ceilings of unfinished wood-framed construction shall be provided with not less than -inch (15.9 mm) Type X gypsum wallboard.

5. ESS shall not be installed in sleeping rooms, closets, or spaces openingdirectly into sleeping rooms or in habitable spaces of dwelling units.

(Ord. 5682 § 1 (part), 2026)

Section 3303.7 is added to the California Fire Code to read as follows:

Sections 3307.1.2 and 3307.1.4 of the California Fire Code are amended to read as follows:

3307.1.2 Stairways required. Each level above the first story in new multi-story buildings shall be provided with at least two usable exit stairways after the floor decking is installed. The stairways shall be continuous and shall discharge to grade level. Stairways serving more than two floor levels shall be enclosed (with openings adequately protected) after exterior walls/windows are in place. Exit stairs in new and in existing, occupied buildings shall be lighted and maintained clear of debris and construction materials at all times.

Exception: For new multi-story buildings, one of the required exit stairs may be obstructed on not more than two contiguous floor levels for the purposes of stairway construction (i.e., installation of gypsum board, painting, flooring, etc.).

3307.1.4 Required means of egress. All new buildings under construction shall have at least one unobstructed means of egress. All means of egress shall be identified in the written safety plan required by Section 3303.1.

(Ord. 5682 § 1 (part), 2026)

(Repealed by Ord. 5682 § 1 (part), 2026)

(Repealed by Ord. 5682 § 1 (part), 2026)

(Repealed by Ord. 5682 § 1 (part), 2026)

Section 4103.1 of the California Fire code is amended to read as follows:

Section 5001.2.2.2 of the California Fire Code is amended to read as follows:

5001.2.2.2 Health hazards. The material categories listed in this section are classified as health hazards. A material with a primary classification as a health hazard can also pose a physical hazard.

1. Highly toxic, toxic and moderately toxic.

2. Corrosive materials.

3. Moderately toxic gas.

4. Health hazards - Other.

(Ord. 5682 § 1 (part), 2026)

Section 5001.7 is added to the California Fire Code to read as follows:

5001.7 HMMP electronic submissions. Each applicant for a permit, a renewed permit, or an amended permit pursuant to this title shall file an electronic submission of all hazardous materials through California Environmental Reporting System (CERS) for the Fire Chief’s approval, to be known as a hazardous materials management plan (HMMP), which shall demonstrate the suitable storage of hazardous materials. The HMMP may be amended at any time with the consent of the Fire Chief. The HMMP shall be a public record except as otherwise specified. Section 18.23.100 in Title 18 identifies notification requirements of the availability of the HMMP. Approval of the HMMP shall mean that the HMMP has provided adequate information for the purposes of evaluating the permit approval. Such approval shall not be understood to mean that the city has made an independent determination of the adequacy of that which is described in the HMMP electronic submission.

(Ord. 5682 § 1 (part), 2026)

Section 5003.1.3.1 is added to the California Fire Code to read as follows:

5003.1.3.1 Toxic, highly toxic, moderately toxic gases and similarly used or handled materials.The storage, use, and handling of toxic, highly toxic and moderately toxic gases in amounts exceeding Table 6004.2 or 6004.3 shall be in accordance with this chapter and Chapter 60. Any toxic, highly toxic or moderately toxic material that is used or handled as a gas or vapor shall be in accordance with the requirements for toxic, highly toxic or moderately toxic gases.

(Ord. 5682 § 1 (part), 2026)

Section 5003.1.5 is added to the California Fire Code to read as follows:

5003.1.5 Other health hazards, including carcinogens, irritants and sensitizers. The storage, use, and handling of materials classified as other health hazards, including carcinogens, irritants and sensitizers in amounts exceeding 810 cubic feet for gases, 55 gallons for liquids and 5,000 pounds for solids, shall be in accordance with this Section 5003.

(Ord. 5682 § 1 (part), 2026)

Section 5003.1.6 is added to the California Fire Code to read as follows:

5003.1.6 Additional secondary containment requirements. In addition to the requirements set forth in Section 5004.2, an approved containment system is required for any quantity of hazardous materials that are liquids or solids at normal temperature and pressure (NTP), where a spill is determined to be a plausible event and where such an event would endanger people, property or the environment. The approved containment system may be required to include a combination of spill control and secondary containment meeting the design and construction requirements set forth in Section 5004.2.

(Ord. 5682 § 1 (part), 2026)

Section 5003.2.2.1 of the California Fire Code is amended to read as follows:

5003.2.2.1 Design and construction. Piping, tubing, valves, fittings and related components used for hazardous materials shall be in accordance with the following:

1. Piping, tubing, valves, fittings and related components shall be designed and fabricated from materials compatible with the material to be contained, and shall be of adequate strength and durability to withstand the pressure, structural and seismic stress, and exposure to which they are subject.

2. Piping and tubing shall be identified in accordance with ASME A13.1 and the Santa Clara County Fire Chiefs Marking Requirements and Guidelines for Hazardous Materials and Hazardous Waste to indicate the material conveyed.

3. Manual valves or automatic, remotely activated, fail-safe, emergency shutoff valves shall be installed on supply piping and tubing and provided with ready access at the following locations:

a. The point of use.

b. The tank, cylinder or bulk use.

4. Manual, emergency shutoff valves and controls for remotely activated, emergency shutoff valves shall be clearly visible, provided with ready access, and identified in an approved manner.

5. Backflow prevention or check valves shall be provided when the backflow of hazardous materials could create a hazardous condition or cause the unauthorized discharge of hazardous materials.

6. Where gases or liquids having a hazard ranking of: Health Hazard Class 3 or 4, Flammability Class 3 or 4, or Reactivity Class 4, in accordance with NFPA 704, are carried in pressurized piping above 15 pounds per square inch gauge (psig)(103 Kpa), an approved means of leak detection, emergency shutoff and excess flow control shall be provided. Where the piping originates from within a hazardous material storage room or area, the excess flow control shall be located within the storage room or area. Where the piping originates from a bulk source, the excess flow control shall be located as close to the bulk source as practical.

Exceptions:

a. Piping for inlet connections designed to prevent backflow.

b. Piping for pressure relief devices.

7. Secondary containment or equivalent protection from spills or leaks shall be provided for piping for liquid hazardous materials and for highly toxic and toxic corrosive gases above threshold quantities listed in Tables 6004.2 and 6004.3. Secondary containment includes, but is not limited to, double-walled piping.

Exceptions:

a. Secondary containment is not required for toxic corrosive gases if the piping is constructed of inert materials.

b. Piping under sub-atmospheric conditions if the piping is equipped with an alarm and fail-safe-to-close valve activated by a loss of vacuum.

8. Expansion chambers shall be provided between valves whenever the regulated gas may be subjected to thermal expansion. Chambers shall be sized to provide protection for piping and instrumentation and to accommodate the expansion of regulated materials.

(Ord. 5682 § 1 (part), 2026)

Section 5003.2.2.2 of the California Fire Code is amended to read as follows:

5003.2.2.2 Additional regulations for supply piping for health hazard materials. Supply piping and tubing for gases and liquids having a health hazard ranking of 3 or 4 in accordance with ASME B31.3 and the following:

1. Piping and tubing utilized for the transmission of toxic, highly toxic, or highly volatile corrosive liquids and gases shall have welded or brazed connections throughout, except for connections within an exhausted enclosure if the material is a gas, or an approved method of drainage or containment is provided for connections if the material is a liquid.

2. Piping and tubing shall not be located within corridors, within any portion of a means of egress required to be enclosed in fire-resistance-rated construction or in concealed spaces in areas not classified as Group H Occupancies.

Exception: Piping and tubing within the space defined by the walls of corridors and the floor or roof above or in concealed space above other occupancies when installed in accordance with Section 415.11.7.4 of the California Building Code as required for Group H5 occupancies.

3. All primary piping for toxic, highly toxic and moderately toxic gases shall pass a helium leak test of 1x10-9 cubic centimeters/second where practical, or shall pass testing in accordance with an approved, nationally recognized standard. Tests shall be conducted by a qualified “third party” not involved with the construction of the piping and control systems.

(Ord. 5682 § 1 (part), 2026)

Section 5003.3.1 of the California Fire Code is amended to read as follows:

5003.3.1 Unauthorized discharges. In the event hazardous materials are released in quantities reportable under state, federal or local regulations, or when there is a threatened release that presents a threat to health, property or the environment, the fire code official shall be notified immediately in an approved manner and the following procedures required in accordance with Sections 5003.3.1.1 through 5003.3.1.4.

(Ord. 5682 § 1 (part), 2026)

Section 5003.5.2 is added to the California Fire Code to read as follows:

5003.5.2 Ventilation ducting. Ducts venting hazardous materials operations shall be labeled with the hazard class of the material being vented and the direction of flow.

(Ord. 5682 § 1 (part), 2026)

Section 5003.5.4 is added to the California Fire Code to read as follows:

5003.5.3 “H” Occupancies. In “H” occupancies, all piping and tubing may be required to be identified when there is any possibility of confusion with hazardous materials transport tubing or piping. Flow direction indicators are required.

(Ord. 5682 § 1 (part), 2026)

Section 5003.9.11 is added to the California Fire Code to read as follows:

5003.9.11 Fire extinguishing systems for workstations dispensing, handling or using hazardous materials. Combustible and non- combustible workstations that dispense, handle or use hazardous materials shall be protected by an approved automatic fire extinguishing system.

Exception: Internal fire protection is not required for Biological Safety Cabinets that carry NSF/ANSI certification, where quantities of flammable liquids in use or storage within the cabinet do not exceed 500 ml.

(Ord. 5682 § 1 (part), 2026)

Section 5003.10.4 of the California Fire Code is amended to read as follows:

5003.10.4 Elevators utilized to transport hazardous materials.

5003.10.4.1 When transporting hazardous materials, elevators shall have no other passengers other than in the individual(s) handling the chemical transport cart.

5003.10.4.1.1 When transporting cryogenic or liquefied compressed gases, there shall be no occupants in the elevator.

5003.10.4.2 Hazardous materials liquid containers shall have a maximum capacity of 20 liters (5.28 gallons).

5003.10.4.3 Highly toxic, moderately toxic, and toxic gases shall be limited to a container of a maximum water capacity of 1 pound.

5003.10.4.4 When transporting cryogenic or liquefied compressed gases means shall be provided to prevent the elevator from being summoned to other floors.

(Ord. 5682 § 1 (part), 2026)

Section 5004.2.1 of the California Fire Code is amended to read as follows:

5004.2.1 Spill control for hazardous material liquids. Rooms, buildings or areas used for storage of hazardous material liquids shall be provided with spill control to prevent the flow of liquids to adjoining areas. Floors in indoor locations and similar surfaces in outdoor locations shall be constructed to contain a spill from the largest single vessel by one of the following methods:

1. Liquid-tight sloped or recessed floors in indoor locations or similar areas in outdoor locations.

2. Liquid-tight floors in indoor and outdoor locations or similar areas provided with liquid-tight raised or recessed sills or dikes.

3. Sumps and collection systems, including containment pallets in accordance with Section 5004.2.3.

4. Other approved engineered systems.

Except for surfacing, the floors, sills, dikes, sumps and collection systems shall be constructed of noncombustible material, and the liquid-tight seal shall be compatible with the material stored. When liquid-tight sills or dikes are provided, they are not required at perimeter openings having an open-grate trench across the opening that connects to an approved collection system.

(Ord. 5682 § 1 (part), 2026)

Sections 5004.2.2 and 5004.2.2.2 of the California Fire Code are amended to read as follows:

5004.2.2 Secondary containment for hazardous material liquids and solids. Buildings, rooms or areas used for the storage of hazardous materials liquids or solids shall be provided with secondary containment in accordance with this section.

Table 5004.2.2 is deleted in its entirety.

[. . .]

5004.2.2.2 Incompatible materials. Incompatible materials shall be separated from each other in independent secondary containment systems.

(Ord. 5682 § 1 (part), 2026)

Section 5004.2.3 of the California Fire Code is amended to read as follows:

5004.2.3 Containment pallets. Combustible containment pallets shall not be used inside buildings to comply with Section 5004.2, where the individual container capacity exceeds 55 gallons (208 L) or an aggregate capacity of multiple containers exceeds 1,000 gallons (3,785 L) for liquids, or where the individual container capacity exceeds 550 pounds (250 kg) or an aggregate of multiple containers exceeds 10,000 pounds (4,540 kg) for solids.

Where used as an alternative to spill control and secondary containment for outdoor storage in accordance with the exception in Section 5004.2, containment pallets shall comply with all of the following:

1. A liquid-tight sump accessible for visual inspection shall be provided;

2. The sump shall be designed to contain not less than 66 gallons (250 L);

3. Exposed surfaces shall be compatible with the material stored;

Containment pallets shall be protected to prevent collection of rainwater within the sump of the containment pallet.

(Ord. 5682 § 1 (part), 2026)

Section 5704.2.7.5.8 of the California Fire Code is amended to read as follows:

5704.2.7.5.8 Overfill prevention. An approved means or method in accordance with Section 5704.2.9.7.5 shall be provided to prevent overfill of all Class I, II and IIIA liquid storage tanks. Storage tanks in refineries, bulk plants or terminals regulated by Sections 5706.4 or 5706.7 shall have overfill protection in accordance with API 2350.

An approved means or method in accordance with Section 5704.2.9.7.5 shall be provided to prevent the overfilling of Class IIIB liquid storage tanks connected to fuel-burning equipment inside buildings.

Exception: Outside aboveground tanks with a capacity of 1,320 gallons (5,000 L) or less shall comply with Section 5704.2.9.7.5.1(1.1)

(Ord. 5682 § 1 (part), 2026)

Section 5704.2.7.5.9 is added to the California Fire Code to read as follows:

5704.2.7.5.9 Automatic and/or remote filling of tanks. Systems that remotely or automatically fill flammable or combustible liquid tanks shall be equipped with overfill protection, as approved by the fire code official, that sends an alarm signal to a constantly attended location and immediately stops the filling of the tank. The alarm signal and automatic shutoff shall be tested on an annual basis. Records of such testing shall be maintained on-site, and available for review, for a period of five (5) years.

(Ord. 5682 § 1 (part), 2026)

(Repealed by Ord. 5682 § 1 (part), 2026)

Section 6001.1 of the California Fire Code is amended to read as follows:

The following terms are defined in Chapter 2:

CONTAINMENT SYSTEM.

CONTAINMENT VESSEL.

EXCESS FLOW VALVE.

HIGHLY TOXIC.

MODERATELY TOXIC GAS

OZONE-GAS GENERATOR.

PHYSIOLOGICAL WARNING THRESHOLD.

REDUCED FLOW VALVE.

TOXIC.

(Ord. 5682 § 1 (part), 2026)

Section 6004.1 of the California Fire Code is amended to read as follows:

Sections 6004.2 and 6004.2.1 of the California Fire Code are amended to read as follows:

Section 6004.2.1.1 and Table 6004.2.1.1 of the California Fire Code are added to read as follows:

6004.2.1.1 Quantities not exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area. The indoor storage or use of highly toxic, moderately toxic, and toxic gases in amounts exceeding the minimum threshold quantities per control area set forth in Table 6004.2.1.4, but not exceeding maximum allowable quantity per control area set forth in Table 5003.1.1(2), shall be in accordance with Sections 5001, 5003, 6001, 6004.1, and 6004.4.

Table 6004.2.1.1

Minimum Threshold Quantities for Highly Toxic, Toxic and Moderately Toxic Gases for Indoor Storage and Use

Highly Toxic 20 cubic feet Toxic 405 cubic feet Moderately Toxic 405 cubic feet (Ord. 5682 § 1 (part), 2026)

Sections 6004.4 through 6004.4.8.2 of the California Fire Code is added to read as follows:

6004.4. General indoor requirements. The general requirements applicable to the indoor storage and use of highly toxic, moderately toxic, and toxic compressed gases shall be in accordance with Sections 6004.4 through 6004.4.8.2

6004.4.1 Cylinder and tank location. Cylinders shall be located within gas cabinets, exhausted enclosures or gas rooms. Portable and stationary tanks shall be located within gas rooms or exhausted enclosures.

Exception:

1. Where a gas detection system is provided, in accordance with Section 6004.4.8

6004.4.2. Ventilated areas. The room or area in which gas cabinets or exhausted enclosures are located shall be provided with exhaust ventilation. Gas cabinets or exhausted enclosures shall not be used as the sole means of exhaust for any room or area.

6004.4.3. Piping and controls. In addition to the requirements of Section 5003.2.2, piping and controls on stationary tanks, portable tanks, and cylinders shall comply with the following requirements:

1. Stationary tanks, portable tanks, and cylinders in use shall be provided with a means of excess flow control on all tank and cylinder inlet or outlet connections.

Exceptions:

1. Inlet connections designed to prevent backflow.

2. Pressure relief devices.

6004.4.4 Gas rooms. Gas rooms shall comply with Section 5003.8.4 and both of the following requirements:

1. The exhaust ventilation from gas rooms shall be directed to an exhaust system.

2. Gas rooms shall be equipped with an approved automatic sprinkler system. Alternative fire-extinguishing systems shall not be used.

6004.4.5 Treatment systems. The exhaust ventilation from gas cabinets, exhausted enclosures and gas rooms, required in Section 6004.4.1, shall be directed to a treatment system. The treatment system shall be utilized to handle the accidental release of gas and to process exhaust ventilation. The treatment system shall be designed in accordance with Sections 6004.2.2.7.1 through 6004.2.2.7.5 and Chapter 5 of the California Mechanical Code.

Exceptions:

1. Highly toxic, moderately toxic, and toxic gases-storage. A treatment system is not required for cylinders, containers and tanks in storage where all of the following controls are provided:

a. Valve outlets are equipped with gas-tight outlet plugs or caps.

b. Hand wheel-operated valves have handles secured to prevent movement.

c. Approved containment vessels or containment systems are provided in accordance with Section 6004.2.2.3.

2. Highly toxic, moderately toxic, and toxic gases-use. Treatment systems are not required for highly toxic, moderately toxic, and toxic gases supplied by stationary tanks, portable tanks, or cylinders, where a gas detection system complying with Section 6004.4.8 and listed or approved automatic-closing, fail-safe valves are provided. The gas detection system shall have a sensing interval not exceeding 5 minutes. Automatic-closing, fail-safe valves shall be located immediately adjacent to cylinder valves and shall close when gas is detected at the permissible exposure limit (PEL) by a gas sensor monitoring the exhaust system at the point of discharge from the gas cabinet, exhausted enclosure, ventilated enclosure or gas room.

6004.4.5.1. Design. Treatment systems shall be capable of diluting, adsorbing, containing, neutralizing, burning or otherwise processing the contents of the largest single vessel of compressed gas. Where a total containment system is used, the system shall be designed to handle the maximum anticipated pressure of release to the system when it reaches equilibrium.

6004.4.5.2. Performance. Treatment systems shall be designed to reduce the maximum allowable discharge concentrations of the gas to one-half immediate by dangerous to life and health (IDLH) at the point of discharge to the atmosphere. Where more than one gas is emitted to the treatment system, the treatment system shall be designed to handle the worst-case release, based on the release rate, the quantity and the IDLH for all compressed gases stored or used.

6004.4.5.3. Sizing. Treatment systems shall be sized to process the maximum worst-case release of gas, based on the maximum flow rate of release from the largest vessel utilized. The entire contents of the largest compressed gas vessel shall be considered.

6004.4.5.4 Stationary tanks. Stationary tanks shall be labeled with the maximum rate of release for the compressed gas contained, based on valves or fittings that are inserted directly into the tank. Where multiple valves or fittings are provided, the maximum flow rate of release for valves or fittings with the highest flow rate shall be indicated. Where liquefied compressed gases are in contact with valves or fittings, the liquid flow rate shall be utilized for computation purposes. Flow rates indicated on the label shall be converted to cubic feet per minute (cfm/min) (m3/s) of gas at normal temperature and pressure (NTP).

6004.4.5.5 Portable tanks and cylinders. The maximum flow rate of release for portable tanks and cylinders shall be calculated, based on the total release from the cylinder or tank within the time specified in Table 6004.2.2.7.5. Where portable tanks or cylinders are equipped with approved excess flow or reduced flow valves, the worst-case release shall be determined by the maximum achievable flow from the valve as determined by the valve manufacturer or compressed gas supplier. Reduced flow and excess flow valves shall be permanently marked by the valve manufacturer to indicate the maximum design flow rate. Such markings shall indicate the flow rate for air under normal temperature and pressure.

6004.4.6. Emergency power. Emergency power shall be provided for the following systems in accordance with Section 604:

1. Exhaust ventilation system.

2. Treatment system.

3. Gas detection system.

4. Smoke detection system.

6004.4.6.1. Fail-safe systems. Emergency power shall not be required for mechanical exhaust ventilation and treatment systems where

approved fail-safe systems are installed and designed to stop gas flow.

6004.4.7. Automatic fire detection system. An approved automatic fire detection system shall be installed in rooms or areas where highly toxic, toxic, and moderately toxic compressed gases are stored or used. Activation of the detection system shall sound a local alarm. The fire detection system shall comply with Section 907.

6004.4.8. Gas detection system. A gas detection system complying with Section 916 shall be provided to detect the presence of gas at or below the PEL or ceiling limit of the gas for which detection is provided.

Exceptions:

1. A gas detection system is not required for toxic and moderately toxic gases when the physiological warning threshold level for the gas is at a level below the accepted PEL for the gas.

2. A gas detection system is not required for highly toxic, toxic, and moderately toxic gases where cylinders, portable tanks, and all non- continuously welded connects are within a gas cabinet or exhausted enclosures.

6004.4.8.1. Alarms. The gas detection system shall initiate a local alarm and transmit a signal to an approved location.

6004.4.8.2. Shut off of gas supply. The gas detection system shall automatically close the shut off valve at the source on gas supply piping and tubing related to the system being monitored for whichever gas is detected.

Exception: Automatic shutdown is not required for highly toxic, moderately toxic, and toxic compressed gas systems where all of the following controls are provided:

1. Constantly attended/supervised.

2. Provided with emergency shutoff valves that have ready access.

(Ord. 5682 § 1 (part), 2026)