Fresno Municipal Code Art. 2 Rules for Construction of Language

The purpose of this article is to provide precision in the interpretation of the Development Code. The meaning and construction of words and phrases defined in this article apply throughout this Development Code, except where the context indicates a different meaning.

(Added Ord. 2015-39, § 1, eff. 1-9-16).

In interpreting the various provisions of this Development Code, the following rules of construction shall apply:

A. The particular controls the general.

B. Unless the context clearly indicates the contrary, the following conjunctions shall be interpreted as follows:

1. "And" indicates that all connected words or provisions shall apply.

2. "And/or" indicates that the connected words or provisions may apply singularly or in any combination.

3. "Or" indicates that the connected words or provisions may apply singularly or in any combination.

4. "Either … or" indicates that the connected words or provisions shall apply singularly, but not in combination.

C. In case of conflict between the text and a diagram or graphic, the text controls.

D. All references to departments, committees, commissions, or boards are to those of the City of Fresno, unless otherwise indicated.

E. All references to public officials are to those of the City of Fresno, and include designees of such officials, unless otherwise indicated.

1. All references to the Director shall mean the Director of Development and Resource Management, unless otherwise specified.

F. All references to days are to calendar days, unless otherwise indicated. If a deadline falls on a weekend or holiday, or any other day on which the City offices are closed, it shall be extended to the next working day. The end of a time period shall be the close of business on the last day of the period.

G. The words "shall," "will," "must," and "is to" are always mandatory and not discretionary. The words "should" or "may" are permissive.

H. The present tense includes the past and future tenses, and the future tense includes the past.

I. The singular number includes the plural, and the plural includes the singular.

J. Sections and section headings contained herein shall not be deemed to govern, limit, modify, or in any manner affect the scope, meaning, or intent of any section.

(Added Ord. 2015-39, § 1, eff. 1-9-16).

In the absence of an ordinance or resolution approved by the City Council, the Director, upon consultation with the City Attorney's Office, shall make the interpretation for any definition not expressly identified in, or provide clarification and interpretation of, this Development Code.

(Added Ord. 2015-39, § 1, eff. 1-9-16).